Background: Many different internal factors have been proven to influence urine production such as age, weight, and quality of sleep. External factors such as consumption of caffeine and fluid consumption have been shown to have an impact on urine production. Aim: To investigate the impact of movement, physical activity, and position on urine production. Methods: This prospective observational study was executed at Ghent University Hospital, Belgium. Study participation was open for anyone visiting the hospital. Participants collected 1 basic and 2 extended 24-hour urine collections and filled in questionnaires concerning their general health and physical activity. Urinary levels of osmolality, sodium, and creatinine were determined. Data on movement, physical activity and position was described. Results: An increase in body movement leads to a significant increase in diuresis during daytime, night-time, and 24 hours (p=0,002, p= <0,001, and p=<0,001, respectively). An increase in body movement leads to a significant decrease in osmolality during night-time and 24 hours (p=0,009, and p=0,004, respectively). However, no significant influence of movement on osmolality was found during daytime (p=0,12). An increase in body movement leads to a significant decrease in creatinine during daytime, night-time, and 24 hours (p=0,001, <0,001, and p=<0,001, respectively). An increase in body movement leads to a significant increase in sodium during daytime (p=0,046) but this was statistically significant during night-time and 24 hours (p=0,32, and p=0,84 respectively). Conclusion: Our study demonstrates a statistically significant association of movement, physical activity, and position with urine production. It would therefore be interesting to explore this association further with the use of new technology to have more accurate data. Here lays a potential role for conservative measurements and lifestyle adaptations in the management of patients with bothersome LUTS and more precisely nocturia.

Purpose: We designed a multicenter, retrospective study to investigate the current trends in initial management of reflux with respect to EAU guidelines in Urology clinics of our country. Materials and Methods: The study group consisted of 1988 renal units (RU) of 1345 patients treated surgically due to VUR between years 2003-2017 in 9 different institutions. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to time of initial treatment and also grouped according to risk factors by “EAU guidelines on VUR”. Results: 1426 RUs were treated initially conservatively and 562 RUs were initially treated with surgery. In initially surgically treated group, success rates of surgery decreased significantly in low and moderate risk groups after 2013 (p=0.046, p=0.0001, respectively), while success rates were not significantly different in high risk group (p=0.46). While 26.6% of patients in low risk group were initially surgically treated before 2013, this rate has increased to 34.6% after 2013, but the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.096). However, performing surgery as the initial treatment approach increased significantly in both moderate and high risk groups (p=0.000 and p=0.0001, respectively) after 2013. Overall success rates of endoscopic and UNC operations were 65% and 92.9% before 2013, 60% and 78.5% after 2013, respectively. Thus the overall success rate for surgery was 72.6%. There was significant difference between success rates of UNC operations before and after 2013(p=0.000), while the difference was not significant in the STING group (p=0.076). Conclusion: Current trends in management of reflux in our country do not yet follow the EAU guidelines on VUR in low and moderate risk groups.

Introduction: Following the Covid-19 pandemic, the face-to-face meetings are delayed to a future date , which is still not clear. However, seminars, meetings, and conferences are necessary for updating our knowledge and skills. The web-based seminars (webinars) are the solutions to this issue. This study aimed to show the participant behavior when webinars present at the Covid-19 pandemic era. Methods: Between December 2017 – July 2020, 58 webinars were broadcasted via the Uropedia, electronic library of SUST. Data of all webinars were collected with the YouTube analytics and application of the Uropedia. Data of streaming webinars included participant behaviors such as content views, engagement time, total unique attendees, average engagement time, and the number of audience to leads. Data were split into two groups; group-1 is webinars before Covid-19 (before March 2020), group-2 is the webinars during Covid-19. Results: Total broadcast time and total page view number were found to be 112.6 hours (6761 min.) and 15919, respectively. The median participant age was 40.1 years. Median content view and median engagement time were found to be 261.0 min., and 12.2 min., respectively. Comparison of two groups revealed a significant increment in the content views (group 1;134.0 range=86.0-87.0 and group 2; 414.0 range=296.0-602.0, p<0.001) and the number of the unique attendees (group 1; 18.0 range=10.0-26.0 and group 2; 57.0 range=27.0-100.0, p<0.001) following Covid-19. However, the median engagement time of the audience did not seem to change with the Covid-19 pandemic (group 1; 11.5 range=10.0-13.3 min. and group 2; 13.2 range=9.4-18.1 min., p=0.12). Conclusion: The webinars are effective ways to share information and have many advantages, including low cost, reaching the high number of audiences. Audience number and page visits seemed to increase following the Covid-19 pandemic. However, The engagement time did not seem to affect a critical attitude of the audience

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the effect of body mass index (BMI) on oncological and surgical outcomes in patients who underwent radical cystectomy (RC) for bladder cancer (BC). Materials and Methods We retrospectively assessed data from patients who underwent RC with pelvic lymphadenectomy and urinary diversion for BC recorded in the bladder cancer database of the Urooncology Association, Turkey between 2007 and 2019. Patients were stratified into three groups according to the BMI cut-off values recommended by the WHO; Group 1 (normal weight, <25 kg/m2), Group 2 (overweight, 25.0–29.9 kg/m2) and Group 3 (obese, ≥30 kg/m2) Results In all, 494 patients were included, of them 429 (86.8%) were male and 65 (13.2%) were female. The median follow-up was 24 months (12-132 months). At the time of surgery, the number of patients in groups 1, 2 and 3 were 202 (40.9%), 215 (43.5%) and 77 (15.6%), respectively. The mean operation time and time to postoperative oral feeding were longer and major complications were statistically higher in Group 3 compared to Groups 1 and 2 (p=0.019, p<0.001 and p=0.025 respectively). Although the mean overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), recurrence-free survival (RFS) and metastasis-free survival (MFS) was shorter in cases with BMI ≥30 kg/m2 compared with other BMI groups, differences were not statistically significant (p=0.532, p=0.309, p=0.751 and p=0.213 respectively). Conclusion Our study showed that, although major complications are more common in obese patients, the increase in BMI does not reveal a significant negative effect on OS, CSS, RFS, and MFS.

Aim: To evaluate risk factors associated with nocturia in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Materials and Methods: Patients diagnosed with OSAS by polysomnography (PSG) and over eighteen years old evaluated retrospectively between January and December 2019. The number of nocturia episodes was assessed in the 3-day bladder diary. We analyzed age, gender, body mass index (BMI), apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) scores and severity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, heart diseases in all patients. Results: A total of 124 patients with the mean age of 49.9±11.6 years (range 25–81 years) was included in the study. Ninety-two (75.8%) patients had nocturia. The mean nocturia episode of patients with nocturia was 2.41.3. To determine the factors that affect the risk of nocturia, logistic regression analysis was performed. The results revealed that patient age and BMI were found as the most effective risk factors determining nocturia (p<0.05). The odds of patient age were 1.06 (95% CI 1.01-1.11, p=0.010) times higher for patients with nocturia. Every 1 unit increase in BMI increased the risk of nocturia by 1.12. 48 patients with nocturia underwent continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy or surgical treatment. The mean nocturia epi¬sodes of these patients were 2.3±1.4 before treatment and were 1.7±2.2 after treatment. There was a significant decrease in terms of nocturia episodes (p=0.032). Although there was a significant increase in the total daily urine volume after treatment, there was a statistically decrease in total night-time urine volume at night (p=0.016 and p=0.024, respectively). Conclusion Age and BMI were risk factors associated with nocturia in patients with OSAS.