Abbreviations
AC: Adenylate cyclase
ACE: Angiotensin-converting enzyme
ACE2: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
AD: Atopic dermatitis
Ang II: Angiotensin II
cAMP: Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
c-ATP: Cellular adenosine triphosphate
cGMP: Cyclic guanosine mono-phosphate
COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
CRP: C-reactive protein
DM: Diabetes mellitus
ECs: Endothelial cells
ET-1: Endothelin-1
FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s
fMLP: N-formyl-L-methionyl- L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine
GIT: Gastrointestinal tract
GLP-1: Glucagon like peptide-1
HCQ: Hydroxychloroquine
IBD: Inflammatory bowel diseases
IL-6: Interleukin-6
JAK: Janus kinase
NEP: Neutral endopeptidase, Neprilysin
NETs: Neutrophils extracellular traps
PAF: Patelet activating factor
PDE4i, Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor
PIC: Pulmonary Intravascular Coagulopathy
RA: Rheumatic arthritis
RNO: Roflumilast-N-oxide
SARS-CoV-2: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
SFK–PI3K: Src family kinases phosphoinositide 3-kinase
STAT-3: Signal transducer and activator of transcription-3
WHO: World Health Organization
3CLpro: 3 chymotrypsin like protease