Definition
All definitions were defined according to criteria established by the
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The most common types of NI
are hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), ventilator-associated pneumonia
(VAP), blood stream infection (BSI), catheter-related blood stream
infection (CRBSI), catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI)
and surgical site infection (SSI) [6-8]. VAP is a subset of HAP
which occurs over 48 hours after endotracheal intubation. In our study,
both HAP and VAP were included into the type of pneumonia.
CRBSI is a subset of BSI with the
presence of central venous catheters and signs of catheter insertion
site infection. SSI can be divided into three types: superficial SSI,
deep SSI and mediastinitis.
Antibiotics resistance means acquired resistance except for natural
resistance. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria means the one that were
antimicrobial resistant to three or more classes of antibiotics. And
bacteria only sensitive to colistin and/or tigecycline was defined as
extensively drug resistant (XDR) bacteria [9].