Conclusion
NI is a common postoperative complication for cardiac surgery associated with increased mobidity and mortality. Nowadays, antimicrobial resistance, which differ in specific regions and/or population, has became a great challenge towards doctors for NI treatment. Therefore, we analyzed the characteristics of distribution of pathogens and antibiotics resistance of NI in patients after cardiac surgery and provided some suggestions for clinical practice. Except for antibiotic treatment, aggressive infection control measures, including identifying source of infection, environmental cleaning, contact precautions, isolation of infected patients and hand hygiene, may be crucial to stop or prevent outbreaks.