RFC #1
The parametrization of goltsy landscape was developed with the use of
observational data from the Suntar-Khayata Station (Grave, 1959; Grave
& Koreisha, 1957, 1960; Koreisha, 1963).
The set of the model parameters representing physical properties of the
soil (ground) column was elaborated based on the detailed description of
goltsy landscape, its ground profiles (Grave & Koreisha, 1957) and
physical properties of ground column at different depths, such as
density, porosity, water capacity, heat conductivity (Table 2) (Grave,
1959; Grave & Koreisha, 1960; Grave et al., 1964; Koreisha, 1963).
Assigned values of specific density and porosity for all 20 CSL are 2700
kg/m3 and 42%. Maximum water holding capacity is
0.12; maximum ice holding capacity is 0.22-0.32 according to Grave
(1959) and is taken as an average value of 0.26. Specific heat capacity
of ground particles in dry condition accounts for 840 J/kg °С, and
specific heat conductivity – 1.5 W/m °С. The infiltration coefficient
(assigned as 10, 5, 1 and 0.1 mm/min for the ground layers 10, 20, 30 cm
and below 30 cm, respectively) was not determined at the Suntar-Khayata
Station and is adopted from (Semenova et al., 2013) for similar
landscape of the Kolyma water balance station.
The hydraulic parameters of the runoff elements (1) in ground profile
(Semenova et al., 2013; Vinogradov et al., 2011) were determined by
manual calibration using the observed hydrographs and based on the
general ideas about the runoff formation processes. For example, runoff
generation in the upper horizon of ground profile is much faster than in
the mineral layer. The value of this parameter is estimated as 10 at the
upper layer and 0.005 at the bottom layer.
The boundary conditions of the ground temperature at a constant depth
were taken from the average monthly soil temperature data at the 4 m
depth at the Suntar-Khayata Station in 1958. The minimum value of the
ground temperature reaches -11.7 ºС in May, the maximum is -6.7 ºС in
October.
The parameter of heat supply from the atmosphere to soil surface may be
treated as the heat transfer coefficient between atmosphere and soil
surface under conditions of instantaneous energy withdrawal from the
surface of contact. Depending on the vegetation density above the soil
surface, the value of the parameter changes with increasing vegetation
height/density from 1.0 (RFC #1) to 3.0 (RFC#3-4) (Semenova et al.,
2014).