Statistical analysis
We used the Mann-Whitney U test to compare the differences between the two independent groups when the dependent variable was either ordinal or continuous, but not normally distributed. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the relationship among the average SVC-ERP, longer SVC diameter, and pacing inducibility of AF. All statistical analyses were conducted using Stata (version 16.1; StataCorp LLC, College Station, TX, USA).