Figure legends
Figure 1. Effect of frequency on impulse oscillometry resistance in children with different levels of Σ4HMWP metabolites (A) and Σ3LMWP metabolites (B). Lines were determined by locally weighted smoothing functions and shaded areas indicate 95% confidence intervals. The level of Σ4HMWP metabolites (A) was significantly associated with Rrs1, Rrs2, and Rrs3 after adjusting for height, gender, BMI z- score, aeroallergen sensitization, secondary smoking, and vitamin D level. The level of Σ3LMWP metabolites (B) was significantly associated with Rrs1, Rrs2, Rrs3, Rrs5, Rrs10, and Rrs15 after adjusting for these same factors. LMHP, low molecular weight phthalate; HMWP, high molecular weight phthalate; Rrs, respiratory system resistance.
Figure 2. Mediation model used to investigate the effect of serum periostin on the relationship between LMWP metabolites and lung dysfunction (Rrs5). The level of Σ3LMWP metabolites was significantly and directly associated with Rrs5 (β: 0.084, 95% CI: 0.005 to 0.14, P = 0.04), and periostin (β: 0.013, 95% CI: 0.002 to 0.030, P < 0.001) mediated 13.8% of this effect (95% CI: 10.7 to 77.0, P < 0.001). The analysis adjusted for height, gender, BMI z- score, aeroallergen sensitization, secondary smoking, and vitamin D level. LMWP, low molecular weight phthalate; Rrs5, respiratory system resistance at 5 Hz.
Supplementary Figure E1. Concentrations (μg/g creatinine) of LMWP metabolites (top) and HMWP metabolites (bottom) in 487 urine samples. MEHHP, mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate; MCPP, mono-(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate; MECPP, mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate; MiBP, mono-(iso-butyl) phthalate; MEOHP, mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate; MNP, mono-isononyl phthalate; MBzP), mono-benzyl phthalate. Horizontal lines separate the different quartiles.