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\begin{document}

\title{A Modified Normalization Method for Determining Fracture Toughness of
Steel}



\author[1]{Hui Gao}%
\author[2]{Weigang Wang}%
\author[1]{Yanlin Wang}%
\author[2]{Bohua Zhang}%
\author[2]{Chun-Qing Li}%
\affil[1]{RMIT University}%
\affil[2]{Affiliation not available}%


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  \date{May 07, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Normalization method is a practical method for determining the J-R
curves and fracture toughness of steels. There is some concern, however,
about the performance of this method on steels with small strain
hardening exponent and yield strength due mainly to the assumption of
infinite strain hardening exponent (n). This paper intends to
analytically modify the normalization method by removing this assumption
and incorporating the strain hardening in calculating the blunting
corrected crack length. This modification enables the normalization
method to be applied to steels with small strain hardening exponent and
yield strength. Experiments are undertaken to prove the underperformance
of the normalization method for steels with small strain hardening
exponent and yield strength and to verify the modified normalization
method (CNM). A comparison of fracture toughness determined by CNM with
that by the unloading compliance method and normalization method
corroborates the improved accuracy of the developed CNM. It is found in
the paper that the developed CNM performs very well for materials with
small strain hardening exponent and yield strength and performs better
for specimens with smaller thickness and in accordance with all
standards. The paper concludes that the developed CNM overcomes the
deficiency of the normalization method for steels with small strain
hardening exponent and yield strength.%
\end{abstract}%



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