Impact of COVID-19 social distancing on viral infection in France: a
delayed outbreak of RSV
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdown measures has deeply modified
the natural course of seasonal viral infections, such as respiratory
syncytial virus (RSV). Methods We analysed French national data from
three networks: emergency departments (ED) of French hospitals, general
practitioners (GP), and hospital laboratories. We compared the number of
ED visits and GP visits for bronchiolitis in children <2 years
of age, and the percentage of RSV positive tests in the 2020-2021 season
with those of the two previous seasons (2018-2019 and 2019-2020). We
used time series of the previous 5 years to calculate epidemic
thresholds. Results During the 2020–2021 season, the epidemic begun in
February (week 05) in the Ile de France (Paris and suburbs) region, 12
weeks later compared with the previous seasons and progressively spread
across all the French metropolitan regions. The highest number of
bronchiolitis cases in 2021 (week 12) occurred 10-12 weeks after the
previous seasonal peaks of previous seasons, but the number of cases
remained lower than in the previous seasonal peaks. Conclusion We
identified a delayed RSV epidemic in the period that usually corresponds
at the end of the epidemic season, raising concerns for the burden of
RSV in the already strained healthcare systems during the COVID-19
pandemic