Salt ion analysis
The roots from treated and control seedlings were carefully washed twice with deionized water and then dried for 24 h at 70°C. Plant tissues were weighed and sealed in envelopes, then packed with desiccant to avoid hydration prior to ion analysis. Ion analysis was performed using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry at the Baxter Laboratory Ionomoics Facility, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center (St. Louise, MO, USA) (https://www.baxterlab.org ) using established procedures (Ramirez-Flores et al., 2017).