Conclusions
Food allergy is a challenge inherent in our civilization that may
develop in different phenotypes such as Th2-high (IgE-dependent),
Th2-low, IgE-independent, and immune system-independent phenotypes and
by distinct pathogenic mechanisms and routes of sensitization. The
airway route is described [14; 20; 25] but underestimated. Food
allergens penetrate the body through the unified airway route, get into
the nasal and lung submucosae, where the immune system responds to these
allergens, and then established memory cells and IgE antibodies come via
the bloodstream to the gastrointestinal tract [20]. According to the
current literature sources, food allergy and non-enteric atopic diseases
like allergic rhinitis and asthma often coexist in the context beyond
the presence of simple comorbidity [44].