Right Ventricular Dimensions:
Two-dimensional echocardiography was used to derive RV area and length measurements during end-systole and end-diastole from the apical four-chamber view, and RV fractional area change was assessed. Final figures were produced after an average of three cardiac cycles. Lateral TAPSE was computed as the distance amid the tricuspid annulus greatest apical long-axis movement and its basal, end-diastolic position taken at the beginning of ECG QRS complex and was determined by M-mode echocardiography. A 2-4 mm sampling gate and a 200 mm/s sweep were used to attain pulsed-wave TDI of the peak systolic tricuspid annular motion velocity at the lateral free wall (S’, cm/s) in apical four-chamber view .