Study individuals:
We enrolled consecutive patients who underwent CMR between Jan 2012- Dec 2017 and a transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) within 1 month of the CMR with no interval clinical event. The study cohort included five hundred subjects at Mayo Clinic Arizona. The following Doppler echocardiographic parameters for assessment of RV systolic function: Tricuspid annular peak systolic excursion (TAPSE), lateral tricuspid annular systolic velocity (S’), lateral RV free wall peak systolic strain (S), and RV fractional area change (RV FAC), and cardiac MRI (RVEF) were acquired in all the subjects. Subdivisions in the patient group are based on RVEF measured by CMR: RVEF ≥ 45% (n = 333, Group A), RVEF 30-45% (n = 140, Group B), and RVEF ≤ 30% (n = 27, Group C). All echocardiographic parameters were reassessed by the investigators for the current study.