Right Ventricular Dimensions:
Two-dimensional echocardiography was used to derive RV area and length
measurements during end-systole and end-diastole from the apical
four-chamber view, and RV fractional area change was assessed. Final
figures were produced after an average of three cardiac cycles. Lateral
TAPSE was computed as the distance amid the tricuspid annulus greatest
apical long-axis movement and its basal, end-diastolic position taken at
the beginning of ECG QRS complex and was determined by M-mode
echocardiography. A 2-4 mm sampling gate and a 200 mm/s sweep were used
to attain pulsed-wave TDI of the peak systolic tricuspid annular motion
velocity at the lateral free wall (S’, cm/s) in apical four-chamber view
.