Transeptal puncture in patients with intracardiac devices
When TSP was performed in a presence of a CIED its interrogation with testing lead sensing, pacing threshold and impedance was performed before and after the procedure. Also, lead position was repeatedly visualized with ICE during the pull-down maneuver of the long sheath/dilator/needle assembly to avoid possible entanglement and lead dislocation. X-ray fluoroscopy was not used for TSP in patients with CIEDs.