Conclusion
Entirely ICE-guided TSPs for different left-sided tachycardias can be safely and effectively performed in adult and pediatric population without the use of fluoroscopy. However, caution is advised in CIED patients due to possible lead dislocation risk.
Key words: transseptal puncture, intracardiac echocardiography, 3-dimensional systems, fluoroless, left-sided tachycardias