Number (%)
604
Age, years 64.00 (55.00-72.00)
Body mass index 28.76 (25.47-33.09)
Female 220 (36.42%)
Race
White 525 (86.92%)
Black 62 (10.26%)
Other 17 (2.81%)
Diabetes mellitus 161 (26.66%)
Dialysis dependency 28 (4.64%)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 137 (22.68%)
Hypertension 446 (73.84%)
History of immunosuppression 41 (6.79%)
Family history of coronary artery disease 82 (13.58%)
History of cancer 35 (5.79%)
Cardiovascular disease 110 (18.21%)
Peripheral vascular disease 160 (26.49%)
Previous cardiac intervention 200 (33.11%)
Previous myocardial infarction 292 (48.34%)
History of heart failure 193 (31.95%)
History of mediastinal radiation 5 (0.83%)
Serum creatinine, mg/dL 1.10 (0.90- 1.50)
Total serum albumin, g/dL 3.60 (3.10- 3.70)
Total serum bilirubin, mg/dL 0.60 (0.60- 0.90)
Cardiac presentation 65 (10.76%)
Asymptomatic
Symptoms unlikely ischemia 120 (19.87%)
Stable angina 3 (0.50%)
Unstable angina 33 (5.46%)
Non-ST elevation MI 123 (20.36%)
ST elevation MI 117 (19.37%)
Angina equivalent 1 (0.17%)
Other 142 (23.51%)
NYHA class symptoms
Class 1 410 (67.88%)
Class 2 5 (0.83%)
Class 3 27 (4.47%)
Class 4 162 (26.82%)
Preoperative cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) 67 (11.09%)
Cardiac arrhythmia at presentation 177 (29.30%)
Number of diseased coronary vessels
0 301 (49.83%)
1 48 (7.95%)
2 63 (10.43%)
3 192 (31.79%)
Left ventricular ejection fraction, % 50.00 (33.00-58.00)
Preoperative antiplatelet therapy 364 (60.26%)
Preoperative anticoagulation 283 (46.85%)
Bridging support
Intravenous inotropes 214 (35.43%)
Intra-aortic balloon pump
None 369 (61.09%)
Preoperative 202 (33.44%)
Intraoperative 30 (4.97%)
Postoperative 3 (0.50%)
Impella device
None 599 (99.17%)
Preoperative 3 (0.50%)
Intraoperative 2 (0.33%)
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
None 556 (92.05%)
Preoperative 20 (3.31%)
Intraoperative 20 (3.31%)
Postoperative 8 (1.32%)
Operation performed
Aortic Root 191 (31.62%)
CABG and AVR 19 (3.15%)
CABG and MVr/MVR 36 (5.96%)
Double Valve 25 (4.14%)
Isolated AV 30 (4.97%)
Isolated CABG 180 (29.80%)
Isolated MVr/MVR 21 (3.48%)
Isolated TV 1 (0.17%)
Triple Valve 4 (0.66%)
Other 97 (16.06%)
Operative status
Urgent 102 (16.89%)
Emergent 457 (75.66%)
Emergent salvage 45 (7.45%)
Operative details
Cardiopulmonary bypass utilization 524 (86.75%)
Perfusion time, minutes 171.0 (112.0-221.0)
Cross-clamp time, minutes 112.0 (81.00-153.0)