Test-retest reliability
The test-retest reliability of the Chinese version of the questionnaire was evaluated using residents from 2 LTC facilities. Participants were revisited 3 days later by a different interviewer (i.e., not the first interviewer) and asked to fill out the questionnaire again.
Cohen’s kappa statistics and 95% confidence intervals (weighted and unweighted) were used to evaluate agreement (above chance level) between the administrations’ person rating and the personal items under continuous testing. Kappa ranges from 0 to 1, where 0 indicates no agreement, and 1 indicates complete agreement. Kappa ≥ .8 indicates almost perfect agreement, .8-.6 indicates substantial agreement, and .6-.4 indicates moderate agreement.26