Qualitative Studies Qualitative Studies Qualitative Studies Qualitative Studies Qualitative Studies Qualitative Studies Qualitative Studies
Criteria Author (year)
Is the qualitative approach appropriate to answer the research question?
Are the qualitative data collection methods adequate to address the research question?
Are the findings adequately derived from the data?
Is the interpretation of results sufficiently substantiated by data?
Is there coherence between qualitative data sources, collection, analysis and interpretation?
MMAT score
Ho et al. (2017)24 100
Srimongkon et al. (2018)73 100
Vargas et al. (2015)74 100
Quantitative Randomized Controlled Trials Quantitative Randomized Controlled Trials Quantitative Randomized Controlled Trials Quantitative Randomized Controlled Trials Quantitative Randomized Controlled Trials Quantitative Randomized Controlled Trials Quantitative Randomized Controlled Trials
Criteria Author (year)
Is randomization appropriately performed?
Are the groups comparable at baseline?
Are there complete outcome data (80% or above)?
Are outcome assessors blinded to the intervention provided?
Did the participants adhere to the assigned intervention (80% or above)?
MMAT score
Sirey et al. (2017)19 100
Aljumah & Hassali (2015)47 100
Taleban et al. (2016)61 x 75
Vannachavee et al. (2016)62 x 75
LeBlanc et al. (2015)68 x 75
Hammonds et al. (2015)71 x 75
Pradeep et al. (2014)72 100
Quantitative Non-Randomized Studies Quantitative Non-Randomized Studies Quantitative Non-Randomized Studies Quantitative Non-Randomized Studies Quantitative Non-Randomized Studies Quantitative Non-Randomized Studies Quantitative Non-Randomized Studies
Criteria Author (year)
Are the participants representative of the target population?
Are measurements appropriate regarding both the outcome and intervention (or exposure)?
Are there complete outcome data?
Are the confounders accounted for in the design and analysis?
During the study period, is the intervention administered (or exposure occurred) as intended?
MMAT score
Bhat et al. (2018)49 100
Isa et al. (2018)54 x 75
Klang et al. (2015)67 x x 50
Quantitative Descriptive Studies Quantitative Descriptive Studies Quantitative Descriptive Studies Quantitative Descriptive Studies Quantitative Descriptive Studies Quantitative Descriptive Studies Quantitative Descriptive Studies
Criteria Author (year)
Is the sampling strategy relevant to address the research question?
Is the sample representative of the target population?
Are the measurements appropriate?
Is the risk of nonresponse bias low (60% or above)?
Is the statistical analysis appropriate to answer the research question?
MMAT score
Alekhya et al. (2015)21 x x 50
Abegaz et al. (2017)22 100
Al-Jumah et al. (2014)23 100
Yau et al. (2014)25 100
Mert et al. (2015)34 x 75
Al-Jumah et al. (2014)46 100
Baeza-Velasco et al. (2019)48 100
Burnett-Zeigler et al. (2014)50 100
Chatterjee et al. (2017)51 x 75
De las Cuevas et al. (2014)52 100
De Las Cuevas et al. (2014)53 100
Klein et al. (2017)55 x 75
Lu et al. (2016)56 100
Lucca et al. (2015)57 100
Novick et al. (2015)58 x 75
Serrano et al. (2014)59 x x 50
Shrestha Manandhar et al. (2017)60 x x x 25
Bushnell et al. (2016)63 x 75
Grover et al. (2018)65 x x 50
Holvast et al. (2019)66 x 75
Slabbert et al. (2015)69 x 75
Zhang et al. (2016)70 100
Mixed Methods Studies Mixed Methods Studies Mixed Methods Studies Mixed Methods Studies Mixed Methods Studies Mixed Methods Studies Mixed Methods Studies
Criteria Author (year)
Is there an adequate rationale for using a mixed methods design to address the research question?
Are the different components of the study effectively integrated to answer the research question?
Are the outputs of the integration of qualitative and quantitative components adequately interpreted?
Are divergences and inconsistencies between quantitative and qualitative results adequately addressed?
Do the different components of the study adhere to the quality criteria of each tradition of the methods involved?
MMAT score
Green et al. (2017)64 x 75