Summary:
SARS-CoV-2 is a highly contagious member of β coronaviruses. It can
cause pneumonia like disease officially named by WHO as COVID-19. It
infects the persons of all ages children, adults and olds. Primarily it
was emerged in late December, 2019 from seafood market of Wuhan, capital
of the Hubei Province of China. Now it has circled the entire world by
having exponential transmission rate human to human. Its transmission
occurs through direct contact, aerosols and air droplets but it can also
spread through shoes, clothes, electrical devices, etc. It cannot spread
through house flies and mosquitoes. Until now, it has infected
approximately 5.5 million people and caused 353334 deaths globally.
Patients infected with COVID-19 harbor three sorts of symptoms; they may
be asymptomatic, show mild or severe symptoms. Persons having medical
complications like cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, kidney diseases,
autoimmune diseases and other related diseases are more susceptible for
serve illness or death. To reduce the damage associated with COVID-19,
there should be complete implementation on recommendations provided by
health care organizations and WHO which include avoiding close contact,
wearing masks and gloves, practicing good hygienic measures and staying
at home. Diagnosis can be made on the bases of epidemiological
characteristics, screening and PCR. There is no FDA approved treatment
available for COVID-19 right now but some antiviral drugs (Leponavir,
Redimedisvir and Favipiravir), antimalarial potential drugs chloroquine
or hypo chloroquine, Monoclonal antibodies, blood plasma transfer, stem
cells, herbal treatments and many vaccines are also under
considerations. Some vaccines like Moderna (mRNA-1273) are showing very
fascinated results. Hopefully, it will be available at the end 2020 if
it has passed all the clinical examinations. Recently, WHO stopped the
clinical trials of chloroquine due to its severe complications observed
in many patients related to heart, kidney and immune system.