The allergic response consists of two distinct phases. In the early phase or sensitization phase, initial sensitization to an allergen released from an allergen source (brownish spheres) and memory activation to the molecular allergen occur, while in the later phase or effector phase, a response is triggered upon re-exposure to the allergen. During the immediate reaction this leads to the release of inflammatory mediators due to the cross-linking of allergen-bound specific IgE on basophils, mast cells and eosinophils. Then, during the late reaction, after re-exposure to allergen specific T-helper cells (Th-2 and Th17) further increase local inflammation leading to tissue remodelling and chronicity.  Abb. B: B cells; DC: Dendritic Cells; ILC: Innate Lymphoid cells, Th: T-helper cells. Illustration created with « BioRender.com».