REFERENCES
1. Mehra R. Global public health problem of sudden cardiac death. J Electrocardiol. 2007. 40:S118–S122.
2. Myerburg RJ, Interian A, Mitrani RM, Kessler KM, Castellanos A. Frequency of sudden cardiac death and profiles of risk. American Journal of Cardiology. 1997; 80:10F – 19F.
3. Grimm W, Christ M, Bach J, Müller H-H, Maisch B. Noninvasive Arrhythmia Risk Stratification in Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Circulation. 2003;108:2883–2891.
4. Køber L, Thune JJ, Nielsen JC, Haarbo J, Videbæk L, Korup E, Jensen G, Hildebrandt P, Steffensen FH, Bruun NE, Eiskjær H, Brandes A, Thøgersen AM, Gustafsson F, Egstrup K, Videbæk R, Hassager C, Svendsen JH, Høfsten DE, Torp-Pedersen C, Pehrson S, DANISH Investigators. Defibrillator Implantation in Patients with Nonischemic Systolic Heart Failure. N Engl J Med. 2016;375:1221–30.
5. Clayton RH, Taggart P. Regional differences in APD restitution can initiate wavebreak and re-entry in cardiac tissue: a computational study. Biomed Eng Online. 2005;4:54.
6. Cao JM, Qu Z, Kim YH, Wu TJ, Garfinkel A, Weiss JN, Karagueuzian HS, Chen PS. Spatiotemporal heterogeneity in the induction of ventricular fibrillation by rapid pacing: Importance of cardiac restitution properties. Circ Res. 1999;84:1318–1331.
7. Karma A. Electrical alternans and spiral wave breakup in cardiac tissue. Chaos. 1994;4:461–472.
8. Ng GA, Brack KE, Patel VH, Coote JH. Autonomic modulation of electrical restitution, alternans and ventricular fibrillation initiation in the isolated heart. Cardiovasc Res. 2007;73:750–760.
9. Fossa AA, Wisialowski T, Crimin K. QT Prolongation Modifies Dynamic Restitution and Hysteresis of the Beat-to-Beat QT-TQ Interval Relationship during Normal Sinus Rhythm under Varying States of Repolarization. Pharmacology. 2008;:498–506.
10. Jiang H, Zhao D, Cui B, Lu Z, Lü J, Chen F, Bao M. Electrical restitution determined by epicardial contact mapping and surface electrocardiogram: its role in ventricular fibrillation inducibility in swine. J Electrocardiol. 2008;41:152–9.
11. Nicolson WB, McCann GP, Smith MI, Sandilands AJ, Stafford PJ, Schlindwein FS, Samani NJ, Ng GA. Prospective evaluation of two novel ECG-based restitution biomarkers for prediction of sudden cardiac death risk in ischaemic cardiomyopathy. Heart. 2014;100:1878–1885.
12. Nicolson WB, McCann GP, Brown PD, Sandilands AJ, Stafford PJ, Schlindwein FS, Samani NJ, Ng GA. A novel surface electrocardiogram-based marker of ventricular arrhythmia risk in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. J Am Heart Assoc. 2012;1:e001552.
13. Madeiro JPV, Nicolson WB, Cortez PC, Marques JAL, Vázquez-Seisdedos CR, Elangovan N, Ng GA, Schlindwein FS. New approach for T-wave peak detection and T-wave end location in 12-lead paced ECG signals based on a mathematical model. Med Eng Phys. 2013;35:1105–1115.
14. Taggart P, Sutton P, Chalabi Z, Boyett MR, Simon R, Elliott D, Gill JS. Effect of adrenergic stimulation on action potential duration restitution in humans. Circulation. 2003;107:285–289.
15. Goldberger JJ, Subačius H, Patel T, Cunnane R, Kadish AH. Sudden cardiac death risk stratification in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63:1879–1889.
16. Ng GA, Mantravadi R, Walker WH, Ortin WG, Choi BR, de Groat W, Salama G. Sympathetic nerve stimulation produces spatial heterogeneities of action potential restitution. Heart Rhythm. 2009;6:696–706.
17. Yue AM, Franz MR, Roberts PR, Morgan JM. Global endocardial electrical restitution in human right and left ventricles determined by noncontact mapping. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;46:1067–75.
18. Nash MP, Bradley CP, Paterson DJ. Imaging electrocardiographic dispersion of depolarization and repolarization during ischemia: Simultaneous body surface and epicardial mapping. Circulation. 2003;107:2257–2263.
19. Nolasco JB, Dahlen RW. A graphic method for the study of alternation in cardiac action potentials. JApplPhysiol. 1968;25:191–196.
20. Xie F, Qu Z, Yang J, Baher A, Weiss JN, Garfinkel A. A simulation study of the effects of cardiac anatomy in ventricular fibrillation. J Clin Invest. 2004;113:686–93.
21. Osaka T, Yokoyama E, Hasebe H, Kodama I. Effects of chronic amiodarone on the electrical restitution in the human ventricle with reference to its antiarrhythmic efficacy. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2011;22:669–76.
22. Gomes J, Finlay M, Ahmed AK, Ciaccio EJ, Asimaki A, Saffitz JE, Quarta G, Nobles M, Syrris P, Chaubey S, McKenna WJ, Tinker A, Lambiase PD. Electrophysiological abnormalities precede overt structural changes in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy due to mutations in desmoplakin-A combined murine and human study. Eur Heart J. 2012;33:1942–1953.
23. Lambiase PD, Ahmed AK, Ciaccio EJ, Brugada R, Lizotte E, Chaubey S, Ben-Simon R, Chow AW, Lowe MD, McKenna WJ. High-density substrate mapping in brugada syndrome: Combined role of conduction and repolarization heterogeneities in arrhythmogenesis. Circulation. 2009;120:106–117.
24. Ng GA, Mistry A, Li X, Schlindwein FS, Nicolson WB. LifeMap: towards the development of a new technology in sudden cardiac death risk stratification for clinical use. EP Eur. 2018;:euy080-euy080.
Table 1. Main characteristics of the study and control groups.