The emergence of novel coronavirus infectious disease-2019 (COVID-19) in December 2019, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has traumatized the whole world with the ongoing devastating pandemic. After droplet mediated transmission of infectious virus particle, and subsequent tissue tropism through the upper and lower respiratory tract, the acute clinical disease is manifested by severe respiratory illness accompanied by shortness of breath, progressive pneumonia, multi-organ dysfunction and ultimate death in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. The involvement of other microbial co-infections leading to extortionate ailment in critically ill patients has not been significantly reviewed along with conclusive reporting on underlying molecular mechanisms in COVID-19 patients. Although the incidence of co-infections could be up to 94.2% in laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases, the fate of co-infections among SARS-CoV-2 infected hosts often depends on the balance between the host’s protective immunity and immunopathology. The cross-talk between co-pathogens (especially lung microbiomes), SARS-CoV-2 and host is an important factor that ultimately increases the difficulty of diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of COVID-19, and even increase the symptoms and mortality of the disease. Simultaneously, co-infecting microorganisms may use new strategies to escape host defense mechanisms (by altering both innate and adaptive immune responses) to further aggravate SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. This review of literature suggests that clinicians should rule out SARS-CoV-2 infection by ruling in other respiratory co-pathogens, and must have a high index of suspicion for co-infection among COVID-19 patients. Thus, after recognizing the possible pathogens causing co-infection among COVID-19 patients, and the underlying molecular mechanisms of co-infections appropriate curative and preventive interventions can be recommended.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 has already marched across 210 countries globally. This novel coronavirus is highly infectious and left us with no available cure and only with containment option. To understand the molecular epidemiology and vaccine design, genetic sequences from different regions are published and analyzed. Here, the first published whole genome sequence of Bangladesh was compared with Asian countries as well as representative strains from across the globe. Phylogenetic analysis of the first Bangladeshi genome, that was published on May 12, 2020 revealed at least 9 Single nucleotide polymorphisms from the Wuhan, China strains and 2 of these mutations are novel compared to the strains analyzed. Among the novel mutations nucleotide 1163 mutation is very novel when compared with all the genomes deposited at Global Initiative on Sharing Avian Influenza Data (GISAID). However, the other mutation at nucleotide 17019, mutation NSP13 E261D is occurred second time after a strain from Austrian patient showed the similar mutation. Structure and screening results of both novel mutation were discussed in detail. Further analysis of these identified novel mutations will boost the understanding of the behavior of SARS-CoV-2 in this region and vaccination and drug development programs would be beneficial.

SARS-CoV-2, appeared in winter 2019, in Wuhan State of Hubei Province in China, which has already marched more than 210 countries with 5,418,496 cases and 344,206 fatalities. Through an ongoing unprecedented global public health effort, the pandemic is now slowing down slightly after 6 months of its original occurrence. Until now, the media coverage is incredibly accurate and has been providing worldwide pictures to enrich scientific data. As of May 25, 2019, there are more than 21000 citations related to SARS-CoV-2 in the medical literature according to the WHO on global research on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, among these citations, only 5-10% are related to laboratory experimental data. This review is aimed to analyze the unique laboratory experiment aspects of SARS-CoV-2, to describe the epidemiology, threat to pediatric and women health, mutational intimidation, diagnostics and treatment of the SARS-CoV-2 in regard to future epidemics, and to use the SARS-CoV-2 experience as a model for future pandemics.

COVID-19 Outbreak: Current scenario and Future prospect in Bangladesh

Disguising agents for transmitting Novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2): Mobile phone & Paper currency