In addition, the finding of significant relationships between serum AFP levels and SES opens opportunities for the interrogation of these factors in a prospective way in the context of the new protocol as we seek to provide guidance for best practice and as we advocate for social justice in medicine.  Creating the discipline of standardised practice by teams with disease-specific expertise able to collaborate across institutional divides will improve paediatric oncology care in South Africa. As we look to the future, we hope to advocate for the establishment of bilateral funding agreements to open doors to children and families from across the sub-continent to receive expert, coordinated care at our national centres of excellence.