Figure 1. Mutation profiles of four insecticide targets
collected by literature mining. The mutation positions in VGSC ,AChE and RyR were determined by alignment of corresponding
cDNA sequences of Musca domestica , Torpedo Californica ,
and P. xylostella . In addition, the mutation positions in four
subunits of nAChR , alpha1, alpha3, alpha6, and beta1, were
determined by aligning the corresponding cDNA sequences of N.
lugens , N. lugens , Frankliniella occidentalis , andA. gossypii , respectively.