Anthropometric analysis
Nasal tip projection, nasal length, and nasolabial angle were measured
in lateral view preoperative and postoperative photographsand compared.
Photographswere analyzed using Adobe Illustrator software (Adobe Systems
Inc., San Jose, CA, USA). Nasal tip projection was defined as the
distance from the alar crease to the nasal tip (maximal distance from
the alar base to the nasal tip). Distances between the lateral mouth
corner (oral commissure) and the upper margin of Cupid’s bow (labrale
superius) were measured for standardization purposes. Nasal tip
projection was standardized as the measurement of the distance between
the commissure and the labrale superius, and nasal tip projection ratio
was defined as the ratio of nasal tip projection and the distance
between the commissure and labrale superius. Nasolabial angle was
defined as the angle between a line drawn through the anterior and
posterior ends of the nostril and the vertical facial plane. This
differs slightly from the columellar–labial angle, which is formed by
the columella and the upper lip. The nasolabial angle is often
influenced by a prominent caudal septum, which gives the impression of
increased tip rotation despite a normal nasolabial angle. Nasolabial
angle provides an approximation of tip rotation relative to the
Frankfort horizontal plane drawn through the external auditory canal to
the orbital rim. Nasal tip location was identified to be between the
point perpendicular to the facial plane in the nasal tip and the point
from the facial plane to the intersection of the upper and lower lips.
Nasal tip location was defined as the distance between the commissure
and labrale superius, and nasal tip location ratio was defined as the
ratio of nasal tip location and the distance between the commissure and
labrale superius. Nasal length was defined as the distance from radix to
tip-defining point, and was calculated using the distance between the
commissure and labrale superius, for standardization purposes(Fig. 3).