Definition of primary and secondary outcomes.
The primary outcomes were birthweight
>90th centile using the INTERGROWTH-21
population standards16 and perinatal death (stillbirth
>24 weeks and neonatal death <28 days). Secondary
outcomes were Caesarean delivery, preterm birth <37 weeks,
umbilical cord serum c-peptide concentration
>90th centile, and neonatal admission.
Umbilical cord c-peptide concentration is an indirect marker of fetal
hyperinsulinaemia and surrogate marker of clinical neonatal
hypoglycaemia.3,7 The 90th centile
was defined on the basis of the participants included in the final
analysis.