Maternal characteristics
The study enrolled a total of 3852 participants. Of these, 2917 participants were included in the analysis. The remainder of the participants (n=935) were excluded because they either had incomplete laboratory and/or outcome data (Figure 1). Excluded participants had similar baseline characteristics as those included in the final analysis. Of those who were included in the analysis, 2,641 were normoglycaemic, 237 had hyperglycaemia in the GDM range, and 39 had hyperglycaemia in the DIP range. Data from participants with DIP were excluded from subsequent analysis but are displayed in the Supplementary Appendix (Tables S2 and S3).