Definition of primary and secondary outcomes.
The primary outcomes were birthweight >90th centile using the INTERGROWTH-21 population standards16 and perinatal death (stillbirth >24 weeks and neonatal death <28 days). Secondary outcomes were Caesarean delivery, preterm birth <37 weeks, umbilical cord serum c-peptide concentration >90th centile, and neonatal admission. Umbilical cord c-peptide concentration is an indirect marker of fetal hyperinsulinaemia and surrogate marker of clinical neonatal hypoglycaemia.3,7 The 90th centile was defined on the basis of the participants included in the final analysis.