Figure legends
Figure 1: Patients wore a specialized 32-channel electroencephalogram
monitoring device compatible with the MRI environment. MRI scans were
performed with a 3T scanner using an 8-channel head coil. Odorants and
odorless air were presented to patients via a nasal canula.
Figure 2: In all panels: control mean in blue, patients in another color
and all error bars are SD. Scores at olfactory threshold(T),
discrimination(D), and identification(I) using the sniffin sticks test.
All patients were classified as anosmic on the olfactory function test.
(Patient A: threshold 1, discrimination 6, identification 4, total 11;
Patient B: threshold 1, discrimination 3, identification 4, total 8;
Patient C: threshold 1, discrimination 5, identification 4, total 10;
Patient D: threshold 1, discrimination 2, identification 3, total 6;
Patient E: threshold 1, discrimination 4, identification 3, total 8;
Patient F: threshold 1, discrimination 7, identification 4, total 12)
Figure 3: T2-weighted pre-contrast coronal section MRI scans. In normal
patients, an olfactory bulb (yellow arrow) and sulci (yellow arrowhead)
can be found. However, in patients A and B, the olfactory bulb (red
arrow, orange arrow) and olfactory sulci (red arrowhead, orange
arrowhead) could not be visualized bilaterally.
Figure 4: Olfactory functional MRI of a normal patient revealed
bilateral activation in the orbitofrontal cortex, right uncus, and left
primary olfactory cortex in the CIT (citral) session, and mild
activation in the gyrus recti in the BME (β-mercaptoethanol) session.
OERPs were recorded in both session as seening that the P2 waves were
visible.
(A) In the first patient, no activation was observed in the primary
olfactory cortex in the CIT session, but activation was seen in the left
basal frontal lobe (orbitofrontal cortex), bilateral insula, left
inferior frontal operculum, and the right inferior parietal lobule
(uncorrected comparison, P < 0.01). In the BME session,
diffuse activation was seen, possibly due to noise (uncorrected
comparison, P < 0.01). No OERP was recorded.
(B) In the second patient, activation was observed in the primary
olfactory cortex and orbitofrontal cortex in the CIT session. In the BME
session, no activation was seen. OERP was recorded in CIT session.