The transboundary animal diseases and One Health
The “One Health” is a concept that introduces that mankind health is closely interdependent with animal health and environmental health. This concept is defined by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) (World Organisation foe Animal Health, 2020). This approach facilitates control and prevention of emerging zoonotic diseases. Transboundary animal diseases (TADs) defined those that can spread very rapidly through of animals, irrespective of national boards and lead to serious socio-economic harm and possibly public health (Torres-Velez et al. 2019). TADs circulate widely in worldwide. In general, TADs predominantly are in low-countries or with less than optimal biosafety, particularly in South Asian countries, although no country is immune from the risk of TADs. These countries recognized as a global hotspot for emergence or re-emergence of infectious diseases of animal source such as COVID-19. On the other hand, protected areas are surrounded by human developed area in these countries (Fig 6) which makes these areas more prone for COVID-19 virus transmission between human and wild animals. Improvement of human health, animal health, and environmental health by One Health approach to the control of emerging zoonotic disease at the national, regional and global level is worth with the increasing emergence of infectious diseases. Thus, the human and animal health professionals should comprehensive perception about the concept of One Health, understand the complexities of the spread of zoonotic disease between human and animals, and use the One Health approach in their clinical actions. Collaboration and communication between human health and wildlife professionals can result in human and animal health that can be identified by practicing One Health (Dhama et al. 2013). Practicing One Health is critical in the identification and prevention of diseases relevant to occupational health hazards (Dhama et al. 2013). The main percent of COVID-19 patients associate with occupational exposure, such as persons who worked in the wet market or protected area rangers. International Labour Organization (ILO) has introduced COVID-19 as a first new occupational disease in this decade (International Labour Organization , 2020). Implementation of One Health approach needs to collaborative efforts of veterinary and human medicine, environmental, wildlife and public health (Osburn et al., 2009). The collaborate of international organizations like World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH), Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), and World Health Organization (WHO) suggest for the disease management measures (United Nations, 2008).