[Insert Table 1]
The outcome measures were the risk of mortality and severe/critical disease among patients with and without exposure to ACE inhibitors/ARBs from individual studies. The pooled relative risk (and 95% confidence interval [CI]) of mortality among patients exposed or unexposed to ACEIs/ARBs were calculated using the random-effects model. We also presented the absolute risk difference (reduction) and the number needed to treat to benefit with regards to the exposure to ACEIs/ARBs.