Ablation outcomes
Ablation of these 27 pseudo-focal ATs required a total of 32 attempts aiming either to target the focal emergence in 6 cases, or to block an anatomical isthmus of the circuit in 26 cases. Termination was achieved in 25 pseudo-focal ATs (93%). Blocking an anatomical isthmus was significantly more efficient than targeting the endocardial emergence [24/26 (92%) vs. 1/6 (17%); p < 0.001]. Details for each type of epicardial bypass are shown in Table 2 . After a mean follow-up of 15 ± 13 months, arrhythmia recurrence was observed in 9 patients (35%). During the repeat procedure, the same circuit as in the index procedure was observed in one-third of these patients (12%).