REFERENCES
1. Teede HJ, Misso ML, Boyle JA, Garad
RM, McAllister V, Downes L, et al. Translation and implementation of the
Australian-led PCOS guideline: clinical summary and translation
resources from the International Evidence-based Guideline for the
Assessment and Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Med J Aust.
2018;209(S7):S3-S8.
2. Williams T, Mortada R, Porter S.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Am Fam Physician.
2016;94(2):106-13.
3. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 194:
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Obstet Gynecol. 2018;131(6):e157-e71.
4. Wang Y-Y, Li S-W, Luo S, Qin L,
Zeng X, Li L, et al. How to Evaluate Acne in Reproductive-Age Women: An
Epidemiological Study in Chinese Communities. Biomed Res Int.
2019;2019:6126808-.
5. Advani K, Batra M, Tajpuriya S,
Gupta R, Saraswat A, Nagar HD, et al. Efficacy of combination therapy of
inositols, antioxidants and vitamins in obese and non-obese women with
polycystic ovary syndrome: an observational study. J Obstet Gynaecol.
2020;40(1):96-101.
6. Crespo RP, Bachega TASS, Mendonça
BB, Gomes LG. An update of genetic basis of PCOS pathogenesis. Arch
Endocrinol Metab. 2018;62(3):352-61.
7. Podfigurna A, Meczekalski B,
Petraglia F, Luisi S. Clinical, hormonal and metabolic parameters in
women with PCOS with different combined oral contraceptives (containing
chlormadinone acetate versus drospirenone). J Endocrinol Invest.
2019:10.1007/s40618-019-01133-3.
8. Moghetti P. Insulin Resistance and
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Curr Pharm Des. 2016;22(36):5526-34.
9. Glueck CJ, Goldenberg N.
Characteristics of obesity in polycystic ovary syndrome: Etiology,
treatment, and genetics. Metabolism. 2019;92:108-20.
10. Goodman NF, Cobin RH, Futterweit
W, Glueck JS, Legro RS, Carmina E, et al. AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF
CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGISTS, AMERICAN COLLEGE OF ENDOCRINOLOGY, AND
ANDROGEN EXCESS AND PCOS SOCIETY DISEASE STATE CLINICAL REVIEW: GUIDE TO
THE BEST PRACTICES IN THE EVALUATION AND TREATMENT OF POLYCYSTIC OVARY
SYNDROME–PART 1. Endocr Pract. 2015;21(11):1291-300.
11. Azziz R. Controversy in clinical
endocrinology: diagnosis of polycystic ovarian syndrome: the Rotterdam
criteria are premature. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(3):781-5.
12. Azziz R, Carmina E, Dewailly D,
Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Escobar-Morreale HF, Futterweit W, et al. The
Androgen Excess and PCOS Society criteria for the polycystic ovary
syndrome: the complete task force report. Fertil Steril.
2009;91(2):456-88.
13. Gainder S, Sharma B. Update on
Management of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome for Dermatologists. Indian
Dermatol Online J. 2019;10(2):97-105.
14. Witchel SF, Oberfield SE, Peña
AS. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Pathophysiology, Presentation, and
Treatment With Emphasis on Adolescent Girls. J Endocr Soc.
2019;3(8):1545-73.
15. Lizneva D, Suturina L, Walker W,
Brakta S, Gavrilova-Jordan L, Azziz R. Criteria, prevalence, and
phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril.
2016;106(1):6-15.
16. Bienenfeld A, Azarchi S, Lo Sicco
K, Marchbein S, Shapiro J, Nagler AR. Androgens in women:
Androgen-mediated skin disease and patient evaluation. J Am Acad
Dermatol. 2019;80(6):1497-506.
17. Hacivelioglu S, Gungor ANC,
Gencer M, Uysal A, Hizli D, Koc E, et al. Acne severity and the Global
Acne Grading System in polycystic ovary syndrome. Int J Gynaecol Obstet.
2013;123(1):33-6.
18. Lizneva D, Gavrilova-Jordan L,
Walker W, Azziz R. Androgen excess: Investigations and management. Best
Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2016;37:98-118.
19. Rocha MA, Bagatin E. Skin barrier
and microbiome in acne. Arch Dermatol Res. 2018;310(3):181-5.
20. Rosenfield RL, Ehrmann DA. The
Pathogenesis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): The Hypothesis of PCOS
as Functional Ovarian Hyperandrogenism Revisited. Endocr Rev.
2016;37(5):467-520.
21. Witchel SF, Burghard AC, Tao RH,
Oberfield SE. The diagnosis and treatment of PCOS in adolescents: an
update. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2019;31(4):562-9.
22. Franik G, Bizoń A, Włoch S,
Kowalczyk K, Biernacka-Bartnik A, Madej P. Hormonal and metabolic
aspects of acne vulgaris in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur
Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2018;22(14):4411-8.
23. Kyritsi EM, Dimitriadis GK, Kyrou
I, Kaltsas G, Randeva HS. PCOS remains a diagnosis of exclusion: a
concise review of key endocrinopathies to exclude. Clin Endocrinol
(Oxf). 2017;86(1):1-6.
24. Pasquali R. Contemporary
approaches to the management of polycystic ovary syndrome. Ther Adv
Endocrinol Metab. 2018;9(4):123-34.
25. Tan J, Boyal S, Desai K, Knezevic
S. Oral Isotretinoin: New Developments Relevant to Clinical Practice.
Dermatol Clin. 2016;34(2):175-84.
26. Al-Talib H, Al-Khateeb A, Hameed
A, Murugaiah C. Efficacy and safety of superficial chemical peeling in
treatment of active acne vulgaris. An Bras Dermatol. 2017;92(2):212-6.
27. Swerdloff RS, Dudley RE, Page ST,
Wang C, Salameh WA. Dihydrotestosterone: Biochemistry, Physiology, and
Clinical Implications of Elevated Blood Levels. Endocr Rev.
2017;38(3):220-54.
28. Makrantonaki E, Ganceviciene R,
Zouboulis C. An update on the role of the sebaceous gland in the
pathogenesis of acne. Dermatoendocrinol. 2011;3(1):41-9.
29. Morgante G, Massaro MG, Di
Sabatino A, Cappelli V, De Leo V. Therapeutic approach for metabolic
disorders and infertility in women with PCOS. Gynecol Endocrinol.
2018;34(1):4-9.
30. Powell A. Choosing the Right Oral
Contraceptive Pill for Teens. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2017;64(2):343-58.
31. Jin P, Xie Y. Treatment
strategies for women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol.
2018;34(4):272-7.
32. Teede HJ, Misso ML, Costello MF,
Dokras A, Laven J, Moran L, et al. Recommendations from the
international evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management
of polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2018;110(3):364-79.
33. Del Rosso JQ, Harper JC, Graber
EM, Thiboutot D, Silverberg NB, Eichenfield LF. Status report from the
American Acne & Rosacea Society on medical management of acne in adult
women, part 3: oral therapies. Cutis. 2015;96(6):376-82.
34. Roach REJ, Helmerhorst FM,
Lijfering WM, Stijnen T, Algra A, Dekkers OM. Combined oral
contraceptives: the risk of myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;2015(8):CD011054-CD.
35. Bitzer J, Römer T, Lopes da Silva
Filho A. The use of cyproterone acetate/ethinyl estradiol in
hyperandrogenic skin symptoms - a review. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health
Care. 2017;22(3):172-82.
36. Calhoun AH. Hormonal
Contraceptives and Migraine With Aura-Is There Still a Risk? Headache.
2017;57(2):184-93.
37. Calhoun AH, Batur P. Combined
hormonal contraceptives and migraine: An update on the evidence. Cleve
Clin J Med. 2017;84(8):631-8.
38. Lessner E, Fisher S, Kobraei K,
Osleber M, Lessner R, Elliott L, et al. Spironolactone and topical
retinoids in adult female cyclical acne. J Drugs Dermatol.
2014;13(2):126-9.
39. Basu P, Elman SA, Abudu B,
Beckles A, Salian P, Yanes DA, et al. High-dose spironolactone for acne
in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome: a single institution
retrospective study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019:S0190-9622(19)32497-1.
40. Chaudhary M, Chaudhary M. A
REVIEW ON TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR ACNE VULGARIS. WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACY
AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES. 2016;5:524-45.
41. Layton AM, Eady EA, Whitehouse H,
Del Rosso JQ, Fedorowicz Z, van Zuuren EJ. Oral Spironolactone for Acne
Vulgaris in Adult Females: A Hybrid Systematic Review. Am J Clin
Dermatol. 2017;18(2):169-91.
42. Buzney E, Sheu J, Buzney C,
Reynolds RV. Polycystic ovary syndrome: a review for dermatologists:
Part II. Treatment. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014;71(5):859.e1-74.
43. Lainscak M, Pelliccia F, Rosano
G, Vitale C, Schiariti M, Greco C, et al. Safety profile of
mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists: Spironolactone and eplerenone.
Int J Cardiol. 2015;200:25-9.
44. Zaenglein AL, Pathy AL, Schlosser
BJ, Alikhan A, Baldwin HE, Berson DS, et al. Guidelines of care for the
management of acne vulgaris. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016;74(5):945-73.e33.
45. Zouboulis CC, Bettoli V.
Management of severe acne. Br J Dermatol. 2015;172 Suppl 1:27-36.
46. Acmaz G, Cınar L, Acmaz B, Aksoy
H, Kafadar YT, Madendag Y, et al. The Effects of Oral Isotretinoin in
Women with Acne and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Biomed Res Int.
2019;2019:2513067-.
47. Mirnezami M, Rahimi H. Is Oral
Omega-3 Effective in Reducing Mucocutaneous Side Effects of Isotretinoin
in Patients with Acne Vulgaris? Dermatol Res Pract. 2018;2018:6974045-.
48. Brzezinski P, Borowska K, Chiriac
A, Smigielski J. Adverse effects of isotretinoin: A large, retrospective
review. Dermatol Ther. 2017;30(4):10.1111/dth.12483.
49. Dathe K, Schaefer C. Drug safety
in pregnancy: the German Embryotox institute. Eur J Clin Pharmacol.
2018;74(2):171-9.
50. Mendoza FJ, Serrano-Rodriguez JM,
Buzon-Cuevas A, Perez-Ecija A. Pharmacokinetics of the anti-androgenic
drug flutamide in healthy stallions. Vet J. 2017;224:50-4.
51. Husein-ElAhmed H. Management of
acne vulgaris with hormonal therapies in adult female patients. Dermatol
Ther. 2015;28(3):166-72.
52. Elsaie ML. Hormonal treatment of
acne vulgaris: an update. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2016;9:241-8.
53. Bednarska S, Siejka A. The
pathogenesis and treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome: What’s new? Adv
Clin Exp Med. 2017;26(2):359-67.
54. Alexis A, Del Rosso JQ, Desai SR,
Downie JB, Draelos ZD, Feser C, et al. BPX-01 Minocycline Topical Gel
Shows Promise for the Treatment of Moderate-to-severe Inflammatory Acne
Vulgaris. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2018;11(11):25-35.
55. Del Rosso JQ. Oral Doxycycline in
the Management of Acne Vulgaris: Current Perspectives on Clinical Use
and Recent Findings with a New Double-scored Small Tablet Formulation. J
Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2015;8(5):19-26.
56. Tan AU, Schlosser BJ, Paller AS.
A review of diagnosis and treatment of acne in adult female patients.
Int J Womens Dermatol. 2017;4(2):56-71.
57. Barbieri JS, Hoffstad O, Margolis
DJ. Duration of oral tetracycline-class antibiotic therapy and use of
topical retinoids for the treatment of acne among general practitioners
(GP): A retrospective cohort study. J Am Acad Dermatol.
2016;75(6):1142-50.e1.
58. Farrah G, Tan E. The use of oral
antibiotics in treating acne vulgaris: a new approach. Dermatol Ther.
2016;29(5):377-84.
59. Gollnick H. Current concepts of
the pathogenesis of acne: implications for drug treatment. Drugs.
2003;63(15):1579-96.
60. Sharma S, Mathur DK, Paliwal V,
Bhargava P. Efficacy of Metformin in the Treatment of Acne in Women with
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Newer Approach to Acne Therapy. J Clin
Aesthet Dermatol. 2019;12(5):34-8.
61. Lee JK, Smith AD. Metformin as an
adjunct therapy for the treatment of moderate to severe acne vulgaris.
Dermatol Online J. 2017;23(11):13030/qt53m2q13s.
62. Robinson S, Kwan Z, Tang MM.
Metformin as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of moderate to severe
acne vulgaris: A randomized open-labeled study. Dermatol Ther.
2019;32(4):e12953-e.
63. Bonnet F, Scheen A. Understanding
and overcoming metformin gastrointestinal intolerance. Diabetes Obes
Metab. 2017;19(4):473-81.
64. Li Y, Tan J, Wang Q, Duan C, Hu
Y, Huang W. Comparing the individual effects of metformin and
rosiglitazone and their combination in obese women with polycystic ovary
syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Fertil Steril.
2020;113(1):197-204.
65. Fox L, Csongradi C, Aucamp M, du
Plessis J, Gerber M. Treatment Modalities for Acne. Molecules.
2016;21(8):1063.
66. Sacchidanand SA, Lahiri K, Godse
K, Patwardhan NG, Ganjoo A, Kharkar R, et al. Synchronizing
Pharmacotherapy in Acne with Review of Clinical Care. Indian J Dermatol.
2017;62(4):341-57.
67. Latter G, Grice JE, Mohammed Y,
Roberts MS, Benson HAE. Targeted Topical Delivery of Retinoids in the
Management of Acne Vulgaris: Current Formulations and Novel Delivery
Systems. Pharmaceutics. 2019;11(10):490.
68. Marson JW, Baldwin HE. An
Overview of Acne Therapy, Part 1: Topical therapy, Oral Antibiotics,
Laser and Light Therapy, and Dietary Interventions. Dermatol Clin.
2019;37(2):183-93.
69. Veraldi S, Rossi LC, Barbareschi
M. Are topical retinoids teratogenic? G Ital Dermatol Venereol.
2016;151(6):700-5.
70. Cong T-X, Hao D, Wen X, Li X-H,
He G, Jiang X. From pathogenesis of acne vulgaris to anti-acne agents.
Arch Dermatol Res. 2019;311(5):337-49.
71. Leyden J, Stein-Gold L, Weiss J.
Why Topical Retinoids Are Mainstay of Therapy for Acne. Dermatology and
therapy. 2017;7(3):293-304.
72. Lynn DD, Umari T, Dunnick CA,
Dellavalle RP. The epidemiology of acne vulgaris in late adolescence.
Adolesc Health Med Ther. 2016;7:13-25.
73. McKeage K, Keating GM.
Clindamycin/benzoyl peroxide gel (BenzaClin): a review of its use in the
management of acne. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2008;9(3):193-204.
74. Austin BA, Fleischer AB, Jr. The
extinction of topical erythromycin therapy for acne vulgaris and concern
for the future of topical clindamycin. J Dermatolog Treat.
2017;28(2):145-8.
75. Tripathi SV, Gustafson CJ, Huang
KE, Feldman SR. Side effects of common acne treatments. Expert Opin Drug
Saf. 2013;12(1):39-51.
76. Haroon MZ, Alam A, Ullah I, Ali
R, Taimur MF, Raza K. Quality Of Life And Depression Among Young
Patients Suffering From Acne. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad.
2019;31(3):436-40.
77. Escobar-Morreale HF. Polycystic
ovary syndrome: definition, aetiology, diagnosis and treatment. Nat Rev
Endocrinol. 2018;14(5):270-84.
78. Cooper AJ, Harris VR. Modern
management of acne. Med J Aust. 2017;206(1):41-5.