\documentclass[10pt]{article}

\usepackage{fullpage}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage{parskip}
\usepackage{titlesec}
\usepackage[section]{placeins}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{breakcites}
\usepackage{lineno}
\usepackage{hyphenat}





\PassOptionsToPackage{hyphens}{url}
\usepackage[colorlinks = true,
            linkcolor = blue,
            urlcolor  = blue,
            citecolor = blue,
            anchorcolor = blue]{hyperref}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\makeatletter
\patchcmd\@combinedblfloats{\box\@outputbox}{\unvbox\@outputbox}{}{%
  \errmessage{\noexpand\@combinedblfloats could not be patched}%
}%
\makeatother


\usepackage{natbib}




\renewenvironment{abstract}
  {{\bfseries\noindent{\abstractname}\par\nobreak}\footnotesize}
  {\bigskip}

\titlespacing{\section}{0pt}{*3}{*1}
\titlespacing{\subsection}{0pt}{*2}{*0.5}
\titlespacing{\subsubsection}{0pt}{*1.5}{0pt}


\usepackage{authblk}


\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage[space]{grffile}
\usepackage{latexsym}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage{tabulary}
\usepackage{booktabs,array,multirow}
\usepackage{amsfonts,amsmath,amssymb}
\providecommand\citet{\cite}
\providecommand\citep{\cite}
\providecommand\citealt{\cite}
% You can conditionalize code for latexml or normal latex using this.
\newif\iflatexml\latexmlfalse
\providecommand{\tightlist}{\setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}%

\AtBeginDocument{\DeclareGraphicsExtensions{.pdf,.PDF,.eps,.EPS,.png,.PNG,.tif,.TIF,.jpg,.JPG,.jpeg,.JPEG}}

\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[english]{babel}



\usepackage{float}








\begin{document}

\title{The latitudinal pattern of fine-root diameter across the Northern
Hemisphere}



\author[1]{Wei Guo}%
\author[2]{Cunguo Wang}%
\author[3]{Ivano  Brunner}%
\author[2]{Qinrong Tang}%
\author[4]{Junni Wang}%
\author[2]{Yingtong Zhou}%
\author[5]{Maihe Li}%
\affil[1]{College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University}%
\affil[2]{Northeast Normal University}%
\affil[3]{Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL}%
\affil[4]{Affiliation not available}%
\affil[5]{Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{June 16, 2024}


\begingroup
\let\center\flushleft
\let\endcenter\endflushleft
\maketitle
\endgroup





\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{abstract}
The importance of fine-root diameter for ecosystem functioning is
increasingly recognized; yet, much remains to be learned about the
variation in fine-root diameter at large scale. We conducted an analysis
of fine-root diameter for 1,163 plant species to detect root diameter
patterns in relation to resource availability (e.g. carbon, nitrogen and
water), stress intensity (e.g. plant/soil biodiversity, soil bulk
density) and temperature. First- to fourth-order root diameter showed
non-linear relationships with latitude and/or mean annual temperature
(except for first-order root diameter). The diameter of five root orders
decreased with increasing mean annual precipitation, but increased with
net primary production (NPP), which was the strongest determinant of
fine-root diameter. Increasing soil biodiversity was associated with
decreasing root diameter of fourth- to fifth-order roots while increased
plant biodiversity was associated with decreasing diameter of first- to
third-order roots. Total soil nitrogen had a positive effect on
first-order root diameter, but a negative effect on fourth- and
fifth-order root diameter. The patterns reversed for total soil
phosphorus. First- to third-order and fifth-order root diameters
increased with increasing soil bulk density. Second- to fourth-order
root diameter increased with soil pH. Overall, the variables related to
climate, biology and soil explained 44\% to 63\% of the total variance
in the diameter of the different root orders. The unique patterns of
plasticity observed in fine-root diameter across root orders in response
to varying environmental conditions contributes to a diversification of
strategies for nutrient/water acquisition and transport under climate
change.%
\end{abstract}%



\sloppy


\textbf{Hosted file}

\verb`oik-10763-File002.docx`  available at \url{https://authorea.com/users/313740/articles/908934-the-latitudinal-pattern-of-fine-root-diameter-across-the-northern-hemisphere}

\selectlanguage{english}
\FloatBarrier
\end{document}

