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\begin{document}

\title{Retrospective analysis of clinical features of papillary muscle
deformity and downward migration before GNT was misdiagnosed as ApHCM}



\author[1]{Mingyan Ding}%
\author[1]{Lijuan Guo}%
\author[1]{Zhongxin Deng}%
\author[1]{Ying Li}%
\author[1]{Wei Ji}%
\author[1]{Fang Zhu}%
\affil[1]{Affiliation not available}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 08, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
To summarize and analyze the clinical features of Apical hypertrophic
cardiomyopathy (ApHCM) which was misdiagnosed before the gross deformity
of the papillary muscles and moved down to the apex of the heart due to
the presence of Giant Negative T-wave (GNT). The clinical data of 215
patients who were previously diagnosed with ApHCM due to the presence of
GNT in our hospital from 2006 to 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.
Results: After careful observation and combined with LVO examination, 11
cases were found to have clinical features of large papillary muscle
deformity and the position was moved down to the apex (ADPM). 9 cases of
them were: anterior wall myocardial ischemia, patients with 6--14mm T
wave inversion in leads V4-V6; 2 cases of inferior wall ischemia,
middle-aged male patients with recurrent chest tightness, shortness of
breath1 More than hours, especially after fatigue. ECG tips: sinus
rhythm, normal ECG axis, 6-10mm T wave inversion, no abnormal
angiography, echocardiography shows left ventricular wall structure,
exercise, and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) Within normal
range. Echocardiography showed that the papillary muscles were thick and
moved down, and the GNT corresponded to leads II, III, and AVF. This
report shows that the huge negative T wave is not a specific
manifestation of myocardial ischemia. The diagnosis is ApHCM is a
misdiagnosis. Abnormal papillary muscle location and papillary muscle
morphology can also lead to the occurrence of GNT.%
\end{abstract}%



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\verb`Table 1 Summary of routine data of patients with papillary muscles down.docx`  available at \url{https://authorea.com/users/313719/articles/444164-retrospective-analysis-of-clinical-features-of-papillary-muscle-deformity-and-downward-migration-before-gnt-was-misdiagnosed-as-aphcm}

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