where a and b are the reformed parameters from the baseflow coefficient after parameter x is added. Therefore, quantifying x can show the overall environmental effect on the recession curve. Based on specific effects (e.g. evapotranspiration, bedrock leakage, groundwater pumping, return flow, vegetation cover and snowmelt), the similar approaches can describe the influence on groundwater-runoff process (Szilagyi, Gribovszki, & Kalicz, 2007; Wang, 2011; Thomas, Vogel, Kroll, & Famiglietti, 2013; Cheng et al., 2017; Ploum, Lyon, Teuling, Laudon, & van der Velde, 2019).