INTRODUCTION
Bronchial Artery Aneurysm (BAA) is an extremely rare presentation
consisting of enlargement of bronchial arteries with potentially fatal
hemorrhagic consequences [1]. The first reported case of bronchial
aneurysm goes back to 1930 in a patient with syphilis [2, 3].
Incidence in patients undergoing selective bronchial angiography is
estimated as fewer than 1% [4]. Classification of these aneurysms
is based on their location, being either mediastinal or intrapulmonary
[5]. While the first presentation might result from an incidental
finding on radiological examination, the rupture of the aneurysm can
lead to a mediastinal hemorrhage, being potentially fatal for the
patient. Moreover, the condition can often mimic acute aortic syndromes
(such as aortic dissection) and is often associated with pulmonary
agenesis, chronic lung inflammation, bronchiectasis, and vascular
pathology [6,7]. The literature reports several cases of
endovascular treatment for BAA with either transcatheter arterial
embolization or aortic stent graft [8], but surgical options are
also available. We hereby present the case of three BAA treated through
thoracotomy approach.