Amer Harky MRCS, MSc^1,2,3*, Niraj S Kumar BSc⁴, William Wang⁵, Mark Field DPhil (Oxon), FRCS (C-Th)^1,2,3

1. Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom

2. Department of integrative biology, Faculty of Health and life science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

3. Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom

2. University College London Medical School, University College London, London, United Kingdom

3. Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom