Patients
The data of a total of 1004 consecutive patients undergoing initial
ablation for AF at our hospital from December 2014 to December 2018 were
retrospectively analyzed.
Exclusion criteria were age < 20 years and incomplete standard
electrophysiological studies following pulmonary vein (PV) isolation.
This study complied with the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed
consent for catheter ablation and the use of data in this study was
obtained from all patients, and the protocol was approved by our
institutional review board (Reference number 2001030).