Late peri-procedural DHF
Our study showed that 9 (90%) patients developed early recurrence of AF before late peri-procedural DHF. AF results in a rapid ventricular heart rate.17 In addition, loss of effective atrial contractile function occurs.17 These factors lead to a reduction in cardiac output, so AF is a risk factor for DHF.17 Our study also showed early recurrence of AF was an independent predictor of DHF, especially of late peri-procedural DHF. A previous study showed that 78% of early recurrence of AF occurred within 7 days after catheter ablation.18 It is thought that early recurrence of AF often occurs at some point and contributes to late peri-procedural DHF.