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Figure legendsFigure 1. Representative case of DHF after AF ablation In this patient, DHF occurred 12 hours after RFCA for persistent AF. Intensive care, diuretics, and nitrates were needed for management. AF: atrial fibrillation, RFCA: radiofrequency catheter ablation, DHF: decompensated heart failureFigure 2. Time course and heart rate from the procedure to DHF DHF occurred in 32 (3%) of all patients, and 10 (31%) patients developed early recurrence of AF before DHF. AF: atrial fibrillation, DHF: decompensated heart failureFigure 3. Subgroup analysis of Δheart rate Persistent AF, past history of symptomatic heart failure, low LVEF, beta-blocker usage and low-voltage areas were significantly associated with lower Δheart rate AF: atrial fibrillation, LVEF: left ventricular ejection fractionFigure 4. Freedom from AF recurrence and late phase DHF requiring re-hospitalization in patients with and without DHF Freedom from AF recurrence was similar between patients with and without DHF. In contrast, freedom from late phase DHF requiring re-hospitalization was significantly lower in patients with DHF than in those without. AF: atrial fibrillation, DHF: decompensated heart failure