Limitations
Several limitations of our study warrant mention. First, although ECG monitoring was performed for at least two days after the procedure, we could not observe heart rate after discharge. Second, we were unable to assess for mild DHF that did not require re-hospitalization, and the indication for re-hospitalization due to DHF depended on the chief doctor’s judgment. Third, the infusion volume in the peri-procedural period and ablation procedure might have varied, even though we attempted to standardize as far as possible. Fourth, we could not fully eliminate confounding factors because this study was retrospective, and there were therefore some differences in patient characteristics between patients with DHF and those without. Finally, the number of cases of DHF was small, weakening the statistical analysis.