4.3. LACV and low-voltage area
Low-voltage areas were more frequently observed in patients with AF recurrence than in those without (Table 2). In addition, among patients with low-voltages areas, the low-voltage-area size was larger in patients with AF recurrence than in those without. Figure 4 shows a comparison of LACVs between patients without low-voltage areas, with low-voltage areas limited to the region where the propagation wave did not pass (ex-situ), and with low-voltage areas existing across the propagation-wave route (in-situ). LACV on the anterior route was lower in patients with in-situ (anterior) low-voltage areas than in those without low-voltage areas. In contrast, posterior LACV was not associated with the presence of low-voltage areas.