Introduction
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is the most common and studied
endocrine disorder of fertile-aged women, affecting approximately 5-10
% of the population. PCOS is characterized by several clinical
phenotypic presentations, including metabolic and reproductive issues,
mainly hyperandrogenemia, elevated serum anti-mullerian hormone (AMH)
levels, presence of oligomenorrhea/amenorrhea and insulin
resistance.1
The higher frequency of pregnancy complications, mainly preterm birth,
in PCOS patients than normo-ovulatory patients is under discussion for
many years.2-4
Strong relationship between patterning and differentiation of the
Müllerian Duct and HOX and WNT genes and the evidence indicating that
these genes are regulated by intrauterine androgens and AMH suggest that
there may be a relationship between PCOS and uterine resorption defects,
and pregnancy complications.5-17
Our study was based on the observation that intrauterine cavity is
different than the normal structure when evaluating the cavity with
hysterosalpingography (HSG) in routine work-up of infertility of PCOS
patients.
This research, which aimed to look for the relationship between PCOS,
uterine cavity resorption defects and pregnancy complications, is
planned as two steps. The first phase of the study reported here is a
retrospective observational study focusing the frequency of uterine
cavity abnormalities, mainly resorption defects in PCOS patients and the
second phase is a prospective study investigating the relationship of
uterine cavity characteristics and pregnancy complications in PCOS
patients (CONUTA & PPCOS, Clinical Trials No: NCT04776915) still
ongoing.