Enzyme Conversion process Strategy Substrate L-PA production Conversion Productivity Ref
rAIP + dpkA
Purified enzyme
Racemic catalysis
L-lysine 400mM
45.1 g/L
87.5 %
0.98 g/L/h
Y. Tani et al (2015)
rAIP + dpkA
Fermentation
Fed-batch
Lysine-HCl solution
46.7 g/L
-
2.41 g/L/h
J. Cheng et al (2018)
LCD
Whole cell
Recycling
L-lysine 170mM
17.25 g/L
77.7 %
0.36 g/L/h
H. Ying et al (2015)
LCD
Whole cell
Mutagenesis & Fed-batch
L-lysine 820mM
73.4 g/L
55.3 %
0.83 g/L/h
H. Ying et al (2018)
LCD Whole cell Reinforced enzyme Lysine-HCl 1M 93.5 g/L 72.4 % 0.78 g/L/h In this study