2.1 Materials and methods
2.1.1
Study area
The study was conducted in Genbo Winze watershed, north-west highlands
of Ethiopia. Geographically, it is located between 113025 and 111430 m N
latitudes and 373128 and 373036 m E longitudes, Adindan_UTM_Zone_37N
(Figure 1). The study watershed covers an area of 553.7 ha with an
elevation ranging between 2198 m at the outlet and 2316 m at its highest
point on the watershed divide. The mean annual rainfall of the area was
1500 mm, which falls mainly from June to September, and the average
minimum and maximum daily temperatures were 9.4°C and
24.60C, respectively (YDARDO, 2015). The dominant soil
type in the watershed was Nitsols with a soil depth of greater than 1 m
(MNREP, 1995).
Land use/cover of Genbo Wonze watershed includes cultivated land (81%),
grazing land (9%) and the remaining 10% was mainly covered by
eucalyptus trees, a small village, and roads. Land preparation was
performed with the traditional Marsha pulled by a pair of oxen. The
indigenous crop, Teff (Eragrostis teff, E. abyssinica ) was the
major crop grown in the study watershed during the main rainy season
(June to September). Both asphalt and gravel road, and footpaths
available in the watershed (Figure 1).