2.1 Materials and methods
2.1.1 Study area
The study was conducted in Genbo Winze watershed, north-west highlands of Ethiopia. Geographically, it is located between 113025 and 111430 m N latitudes and 373128 and 373036 m E longitudes, Adindan_UTM_Zone_37N (Figure 1). The study watershed covers an area of 553.7 ha with an elevation ranging between 2198 m at the outlet and 2316 m at its highest point on the watershed divide. The mean annual rainfall of the area was 1500 mm, which falls mainly from June to September, and the average minimum and maximum daily temperatures were 9.4°C and 24.60C, respectively (YDARDO, 2015). The dominant soil type in the watershed was Nitsols with a soil depth of greater than 1 m (MNREP, 1995).
Land use/cover of Genbo Wonze watershed includes cultivated land (81%), grazing land (9%) and the remaining 10% was mainly covered by eucalyptus trees, a small village, and roads. Land preparation was performed with the traditional Marsha pulled by a pair of oxen. The indigenous crop, Teff (Eragrostis teff, E. abyssinica ) was the major crop grown in the study watershed during the main rainy season (June to September). Both asphalt and gravel road, and footpaths available in the watershed (Figure 1).