Patients
From Feb 2010 to Dec 2018, consecutive cases of WWE with pregnancy registered at Xijing Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Patients who fulfilled the following criteria were excluded from the study: a) WWE developing epilepsy during or after pregnancy, b) WWE who were not followed up as long as one year after delivery at the last follow-up (May 2019), c) WWE who were lost in follow-up, d) patients whose data were incomplete, and e) WWE exposed to other teratogenic substances. All the enrolled WWE were divided into two groups: planned-pregnancy group and unplanned-pregnancy group. Planned pregnancy was defined as preconception counseling with epileptologists in a face-to-face manner to optimize the type and dose of AEDs and folic acid supplementation and regularly followed up according to changes in clinical status. The unplanned-pregnancy group contained all the pregnancies not included in the planned-pregnancy group, such as the WWE with unexpected pregnancies, who thus had no preconception counseling, the WWE who consulted epileptologists after conception, or the WWE who could not be regularly followed up during pregnancy.