References:
1. World Health Organization. Epilepsy: Fact sheet. World Health Organization, 2017. Available athttp://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs999/en/ . Accessed November 3, 2017.
2. Artama M, Braumann J, Raitanen J, Uotila J, Gissler M, Isojarvi J, et al. Women treated for epilepsy during pregnancy: outcomes from a nationwide population-based cohort study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2017 Jul;96(7):812-20.
3. MacDonald SC, Bateman BT, McElrath TF, Hernandez-Diaz S. Mortality and Morbidity During Delivery Hospitalization Among Pregnant Women With Epilepsy in the United States. JAMA Neurol. 2015 Sep;72(9):981-8.
4. Razaz N, Tomson T, Wikstrom AK, Cnattingius S. Association Between Pregnancy and Perinatal Outcomes Among Women With Epilepsy. JAMA Neurol. 2017 Aug 1;74(8):983-91.
5. Stephen LJ, Harden C, Tomson T, Brodie MJ. Management of epilepsy in women. The Lancet Neurology. 2019;18(5):481-91.
6. Soontornpun A, Choovanichvong T, Tongsong T. Pregnancy outcomes among women with epilepsy: A retrospective cohort study. Epilepsy Behav. 2018 May;82:52-6.
7. Hernandez-Diaz S, Smith CR, Shen A, Mittendorf R, Hauser WA, Yerby M, et al. Comparative safety of antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy. Neurology. 2012 May 22;78(21):1692-9.
8. Tomson T, Battino D, Bonizzoni E, Craig J, Lindhout D, Sabers A, et al. Dose-dependent risk of malformations with antiepileptic drugs: an analysis of data from the EURAP epilepsy and pregnancy registry. Lancet Neurol. 2011 Jul;10(7):609-17.
9. Meador KJ, Baker GA, Browning N, Cohen MJ, Bromley RL, Clayton-Smith J, et al. Fetal antiepileptic drug exposure and cognitive outcomes at age 6 years (NEAD study): a prospective observational study. The Lancet Neurology. 2013;12(3):244-52.
10. Kilic D, Pedersen H, Kjaersgaard MI, Parner ET, Vestergaard M, Sorensen MJ, et al. Birth outcomes after prenatal exposure to antiepileptic drugs–a population-based study. Epilepsia. 2014 Nov;55(11):1714-21.
11. Bibbins-Domingo K, Grossman DC, Curry SJ, Davidson K, Epling JW, Garcia FAR, et al. Folic Acid Supplementation for the Prevention of Neural Tube Defects US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. Jama-J Am Med Assoc. 2017 Jan 10;317(2):183-9.
12. Bjork M, Riedel B, Spigset O, Veiby G, Kolstad E, Daltveit AK, et al. Association of Folic Acid Supplementation During Pregnancy With the Risk of Autistic Traits in Children Exposed to Antiepileptic Drugs In Utero. JAMA Neurol. 2018 Feb 1;75(2):160-8.
13. Sveberg L, Svalheim S, Tauboll E. The impact of seizures on pregnancy and delivery. Seizure. 2015 May;28:35-8.
14. Vajda FJ, O’Brien T, Lander C, Graham J, Eadie M. The efficacy of the newer antiepileptic drugs in controlling seizures in pregnancy. Epilepsia. 2014 Aug;55(8):1229-34.
15. Tomson T, Battino D, Bonizzoni E, Craig J, Lindhout D, Perucca E, et al. Comparative risk of major congenital malformations with eight different antiepileptic drugs: a prospective cohort study of the EURAP registry. Lancet Neurology. 2018 Jun;17(6):530-8.
16. Veroniki AA, Cogo E, Rios P, Straus SE, Finkelstein Y, Kealey R, et al. Comparative safety of anti-epileptic drugs during pregnancy: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of congenital malformations and prenatal outcomes. BMC Med. 2017 May 5;15(1):95.
17. Pennell PB. Use of Antiepileptic Drugs During Pregnancy: Evolving Concepts. Neurotherapeutics. 2016 Oct;13(4):811-20.
18. Herzog AG, Mandle HB, Cahill KE, Fowler KM, Hauser WA. Predictors of unintended pregnancy in women with epilepsy. Neurology. 2017 Feb 21;88(8):728-33.
19. Herzog AG, Mandle HB, MacEachern DB. Association of Unintended Pregnancy With Spontaneous Fetal Loss in Women With Epilepsy Findings of the Epilepsy Birth Control Registry. Jama Neurology. 2019 Jan;76(1):50-5.
20. Scheffer IE, Berkovic S, Capovilla G, Connolly MB, French J, Guilhoto L, et al. ILAE classification of the epilepsies: Position paper of the ILAE Commission for Classification and Terminology. Epilepsia. 2017 Apr;58(4):512-21.
21. Obstetrics Subgroup CSoOaG CMA. Guideline of preconception and prenatal care(2018). . Zhonghua fu chan ke za zhi 2018;2018;53(1):7-13.
22. Johnson EL, Burke AE, Wang A, Pennell PB. Unintended pregnancy, prenatal care, newborn outcomes, and breastfeeding in women with epilepsy. Neurology. 2018 Sep 11;91(11):e1031-e9.
23. Tomson T, Battino D. Teratogenic effects of antiepileptic drugs. Lancet Neurology. 2012 Sep;11(9):803-13.
24. Singh KP VN. Teratogenic potential of third-generation antiepileptic drugs: Current status and research needs. Pharmacological reports : PR. 2019;2019;71(3):491-502.
25. Keni RR, Jose M, Sarma PS, Thomas SV, Kerala Registry of E, Pregnancy Study G. Teratogenicity of antiepileptic dual therapy: Dose-dependent, drug-specific, or both? Neurology. 2018 Feb 27;90(9):e790-e6.
26. Patsalos PN BD, Bourgeois BF, et al. . Antiepileptic drugs–best practice guidelines for therapeutic drug monitoring: a position paper by the subcommission on therapeutic drug monitoring, ILAE Commission on Therapeutic Strategies. . Epilepsia 2008;2008;49(7):1239-1276.
27. Kim H, Faught E, Thurman DJ, Fishman J, Kalilani L. Antiepileptic Drug Treatment Patterns in Women of Childbearing Age With Epilepsy. JAMA Neurol. 2019 Apr 1.
28. Artama M GM, Malm H, Ritvanen A, Drug, Pregnancy G. . Effects of maternal epilepsy and antiepileptic drug use during pregnancy on perinatal health in offspring: nationwide, retrospective cohort study in Finland. Drug Saf. 2013;2013;36(5):359-369.
29. Veiby G DA, Engelsen BA, Gilhus NE. Fetal growth restriction and birth defects with newer and older antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy. . Journal of neurology 2014; 2014;261(3):579-588.
30. Almgren M KB, Lavebratt C. . Population-based study of antiepileptic drug exposure in utero–influence on head circumference in newborns. Seizure. 2009;2009;18(10):672-675.
31. Holmes LB HE, Coull BA, et al. . The teratogenicity of anticonvulsant drugs. N Engl J Med. 2001; 2001;344(15):1132-1138.
32. Voinescu PE, Pennell PB. Management of epilepsy during pregnancy. Expert Rev Neurother. 2015 Oct;15(10):1171-87.
33. Meador KJ PP, May RC, et al. . Fetal loss and malformations in the MONEAD study of pregnant women with epilepsy. NEUROLOGY. 2019;2019.
34. Gustavson K YE, Stoltenberg C, et al. . Smoking in Pregnancy and Child ADHD. . Pediatrics 2017;2017;139(2).
35. Caputo C WE, Jabbour L. . Impact of fetal alcohol exposure on body systems: A systematic review. . Birth defects research Part C, Embryo today : reviews 2016; 2016;108(2):174-180.