Numerical simulation on groundwater is critical for water resources
management. Much research has been conducted in the past using different
techniques. Groundwater and surface water should not be treated as
isolated components, but rather as interconnected constituents. The
interaction between surface and ground water is complex and has never
been fully understood. A clear understanding of fundamentals between
surface and ground water is essential to conduct groundwater simulation.
A comprehensive framework is needed to incorporate physical mechanisms
with mathematical models for describing the surface-groundwater
interactions. In the present review, up to date coupling strategies and
techniques are summarized and compared. Detailed domain models and
domain integrated models are reviewed respectively. The advantages and
limitations of each technique, including fully coupled scheme and
loosely coupled scheme, are presented. The available software using each
coupling strategy are listed from previous research. The review will
serve as a guidance for future numerical simulation on surface and
groundwater interactions.