5. CONCLUSION

The current study on the multi-year monitoring of insecticide resistance in An. gambiae s.l. populations in different cotton growing areas of Burkina Faso showed widespread pyrethroids resistance in the main malaria vector species. Vector control strategies must take into account cotton pest control strategies. Bioassays conducted with diagnostic doses according to the WHO protocol indicate widespread cross-resistance to DDT and pyrethroids due mainly to the kdrL1014F mutation, regardless of the cotton growing system.
In the future, it would be interesting to use the topical method to better assess the level of resistance in these different vector populations as well as the evolution of this resistance over time and space according to the agricultural use of insecticides. There is no doubt that for better control strategies, studies on the enzymatic activity generally involved in insecticide metabolism (oxidases esterases and glutathion-S-transferases) associated with the involvement of other target modification mechanisms such as the ace-1mutation would be useful to improve knowledge on resistance mechanisms, their respective role and their distribution within vector populations according to different agricultural practices.