Discussion
Using 18 diverse C4 grasses grown under common growth conditions, we investigated the relationship of growth habitat MAP and MAT with leaf-level structural and anatomical traits associated with gm and Kleaf, which in turn could influence photosynthetic C-gain and water-loss. Many of the measured traits correlated with MAP but not with MAT (Table 1), which supports the previous expectations that, precipitation may be more important than temperature in affecting trait variability and potentially diversification in the C4 species (Edwards & Still, 2008; Osborne & Sack, 2012; Liu et al. , 2019). Furthermore, our study provides insights into the possible relationships between gm and leaf anatomical traits related to Kleaf in diverse C4 grasses and suggest that C4 grasses adapted to lower MAP exhibited traits associated with greater gm and lower Kleaf.