Anna van de Sande

and 11 more

Background Surgical treatment for high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) may affect future fertility and pregnancy outcomes, therefore alternative therapies are desirable. Objectives To determine the efficacy of topical imiquimod in treatment of high-grade CIN (defined as regression CIN 1 or less), and to determine the clearance rate of high-risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV), compared to surgical treatment and placebo. Search strategy Cohort studies and trials up to July 2022 were searched with the terms imiquimod, cervical dysplasia, and HPV. Selection criteria Studies evaluating the efficacy of imiquimod in CIN lesions. Data collection and analysis The study followed the PRISMA checklist. Meta-analysis was conducted to determine the efficacy of imiquimod treatment. Main results Five studies involving 463 women with high-grade CIN were included. Imiquimod was associated with histological regression to CIN1 or less in 55% of cases versus 29% for placebo, and 93% for surgical treatment. Imiquimod-treated women had a greater odds ratio of histological regression to CIN1 or less than placebo-treated women (ORs 4.17, 95% CI 2.03-8.54). In comparison to imiquimod, surgical treatment had an odds ratio of 14.81 (95% CI 6.59-33.27) for histological regression to CIN1 or less. The hr-HPV clearance rate was 53.4% after imiquimod treatment and 66% after surgical treatment (ORs 1.53, 95% CI 0.62-23.77). Conclusions: Histological regression is higher in imiquimod treatment than placebo. Surgical treatment, which is currently the golden standard, shows a higher regression rate than imiquimod. Future studies should focus on patient selection and further development of alternative treatments.

Ralf van de Laar

and 2 more

Background: Prophylactic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines are highly effective in reducing premalignant lesions of the cervix. Recurrence is reported up to 17%. Little is known about the effect of HPV vaccines on women with CIN who already are HPV infected and CIN. Objective: Review of the literature addressing the question whether adjuvant vaccination with an HPV-vaccine in addition to LEEP treatment is effective in preventing recurrence of CIN-lesions. Search strategy: Medline search using Mesh terms. Selection criteria: Studies on HPV vaccination in addition to a LEEP procedure. One of the study parameters had to describe the effect of vaccination in addition to a surgical treatment. Data collection and Analysis: All results were assessed by two reviewers and meta-analysis performed. Main result: Six studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria: one case report, three post-hoc analyses, one case-control study and one retrospective study. In the post-hoc analysis of three community-based clinical trials; the combined recurrence rate of CIN2+ was 1.49% (12/806) in the HPV- vaccinated group versus 3.51% (37/1052) in the non-HPV vaccinated group, with a combined RR of 0.41 (95% CI 0.21-0.78; P<0.01). The retrospective and the case-control study combined, reported an incidence of 2.07% (11/532) versus 6.92% (38/549) in favor for HPV vaccination, resulting in a significant positive vaccination effect in addition to LEEP treatment (RR 0.30 95%CI 0.16-0.58; P<0.01). Funding: None Keywords: HPV, CIN, VACCINACTION, LEEP