Fig 5 . The Imaging of
three Chinese Elderberries: 1. Chinese Blood-red Herb-elderberry
(Sambucus adnata ); 2. Chinese Woody-elderberry (Sambucus
wiiliamsii ); 3. Chinese Herb-Elderberry (Sambucus chinensis orSambucus javanica) .
Geographic Distributions: From Wikipedia, the species is recognized in
southeastern Asia and from Chinese Words Dictionary the species is
recognized in Anhui, Fujian, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Gansu, Guangdong,
Guangxi, Guizhou, Shanxi, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Tibet,
Yunnan, Zhejiang and Japan. Medical uses: This species is recorded in
old Chinese medical books as an herb to treat bruises, rheumatism, help
blood circulation, and it is believed to have detoxification
anti-inflammatory effect.
Siberian Woody-elderberry: Sambucus sibirica
This species is a deciduous shrub, 2-4m high, densely branched with
reddish brown skin and vertical cracks. There are oval lenticels, with a
light brown pith and twigs with a white papilla. The pinnate usually has
two pairs of leaflets, and the rachis and petiole have yellow hirsutes.
Small leaves are lanceolate 5-14cm long and 1.6-5.5cm wide. Flowers are
light green or yellow with conical cymes. Anthers are ocher yellow and
fruit is bright red. Fruit mature period is from July to August.
Geographic Distributions: Xinjiang Fuyun, Fuhai, Siberia and Altai. The
plants are most commonly found on stony slopes and beside the stream
beds. Medical uses: There are not common uses of this species.
Hairy Woody-elderberry: Sambucus sieboldiana orS. buergeriana.
This elderberry has new shoots, rachis, pedicels, petioles, and a leaf
surface covered by long hair. It is a deciduous shrub or small tree 4-5m
high. Small pinnate leaves have two or three pairs, small leaves’ main
vein and lateral surface contains obvious yellowish-white hair. There is
yellow hair on the petiole, rachis and young shoots surface. Fruit is
orange-red with two or three seeds. The flowering period is from mid-May
to early-June and fruit mature time is July to August.
Geographic Distributions: Inner-Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning
as well as Korea and Japan. The plants are most commonly found on valley
slopes, forest margins and desert areas at about 540-1600m above sea
level. Medical uses: This species can be used for landscaping trees and
various medicinal properties, similar to the Wood Elderberry. New leaves
could be consumable and the crushed mixture of shoots and leaves could
help in curing injuries of muscles and bones.
6. Hook-tooth Leaf Woody-elderberry: Sambucus
foetidissinia
This species is a deciduous shrub 4-5m high, with an odd number pinnate
with five to seven pairs. The leaf shape is oval or slightly oblong,
6-9cm long and 1.5-4cm wide. The leaves have a strong smell and thick,
sharp, serrated teeth. The teeth bend inward like hooks. The fruit is
red and flowering time is from May to June, fruit mature time is
August-September.
Geographic Distributions: Inner-Mongolia only, there is a chance it
could be found in Huabei, but no formal record exists. Medical uses: The
species is used in landscaping trees and for various medicinal
properties.
7. North-Korean Woody-elderberry: Sambucus coreaana
This elderberry is a deciduous shrub 5m high, with an odd number pinnate
with three to five pairs. The leaf shape is lanceolate, 1.5-5cm long and
0.7-2cm wide. The flower is conical inflorescence and light green, the
anther is yellow. The fruit is red with three seeds flowering from May
to June and maturing in August.
Geographic Distributions: Inner-Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning
as well as North-Korea and east of Russia. The plants are most commonly
found on the mountain slope and forest margins. Medical uses: The shoots
and leaves have medicinal value. The unique seeds contain 18.8% oil
which can be used to make soaps and candles. The species may be used in
landscaping trees.
8. Latifolia Woody-elderberry: Sambucus latipinna
This elderberry is a deciduous shrub, about 3m high, with an odd number
of pinnate, opposite with three to five pairs. The leaf shape is oval or
oblong, 4-8cm long and 2-3.5cm wide. It called latifolia as the leaflet
is 2-3.5cm wide. The flower is conical inflorescence and yellow-green in
colour with yellow anthers. The fruit is orange-red flowering in May and
maturing in August and September.
Geographic Distributions: Inner-Mongolia, Jilin, Liaoning as well as
North-Korea. Shrubs are most commonly found on the mountain slopes,
especially along stream beds and in meadowland. Medical uses: There are
no common uses of this species.
9. Northern-east Woody-elderberry: Sambucus mandshurica
This elderberry is a deciduous shrub about 6m high. The branches grow
upright with a reddish grey skin color. There is an odd number of
pinnate, opposite with five to seven pairs. The leaf shape is oblong;
2-6cm long and 1-2cm wide. The flower is large conical inflorescence and
yellow-green. The anther is yellow and the fruit is red. The flowering
period is between May and June and matures in August to September.
Geographic Distributions: Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, North-Korea,
Mongolia, far-east and east-Siberia in Russia. Shrubs are most commonly
found on the mountain slopes, especially along stream beds, at bush
forest margins, or in low scrub and meadowlands. Medical uses: Shoots
and leaves of this species have medicinal value. They are proven to help
recover injuries of tendons and muscles. It may also be used in
landscaping trees.