Conclusions
Our resurrection ecology study of evolution in a natural population provides unique input at the metabolomic level to the ongoing debate on the relationships between ancestral plasticity and subsequent evolutionary changes (Levis & Pfennig 2016). We addressed two important outstanding questions (Ghalambor et al. 2007, 2015; López-Mauryet al. 2008; Levis & Pfennig 2016; Fox et al. 2019). First, we showed ancestral plasticity and evolution to contribute nearly equally in driving total metabolomic changes through time. Second, we demonstrated that evolution of plasticity magnified the ancestral plasticity when a new selection pressure was imposed. Such insights are important to advance our ability to understand and predict how populations might deal with the new and strong selection pressures they are increasingly dealing with.