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\begin{document}

\title{Synthesis of efficient VPO catalyst for selective oxidation n-butane to
MA product: Mechanism of crystal transformation}



\author[1]{Xia Zhang}%
\author[1]{Haibo Wang}%
\author[1]{Lianke Gou}%
\author[1]{Lanpeng Li}%
\author[2]{Zhengkai Cao}%
\affil[1]{Dalian Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemicals}%
\affil[2]{Dalian Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemicals, SINOPEC}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 18, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Serial VPO catalysts with different crystal structures were prepared by
adjusting ratios of air and N2 in calcination process. The results
showed that, as the air and N2 ratios were lower than 1:1, the ordered
VOHPO4*0.5H2O phase was mainly formed in precursors during calcination
process. However, as the ratio of air and N2 reached 3:1, the amorphous
VOPO4 phases would be formed over the surface of precursor during
calcination process, which would prevent the formation of ordered V5+
species over the surface of VPO catalyst after activation. The
evaluation results of n-butane oxidation showed that, as the ratio of
air and N2 was 1:3, the corresponding VPO-1A catalyst presented the
highest conversion of n-butane and yield of MA product (57.6 m\% at 412
\selectlanguage{ngerman}°C). Finally, a kinetic and thermodynamic model was established and
calculated to investigate the characteristics of n-butane oxidation
reactions for various VPO catalysts.%
\end{abstract}\selectlanguage{ngerman}%



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\textbf{Hosted file}

\verb`Xia Zhang submitted manuscript to AICHE J.docx`  available at \url{https://authorea.com/users/295950/articles/595967-synthesis-of-efficient-vpo-catalyst-for-selective-oxidation-n-butane-to-ma-product-mechanism-of-crystal-transformation}\selectlanguage{english}
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