Environment description
The 12 environmental conditions were described by the daily climatic parameters recorded until the end of flowering of the 4th truss. Seven environmental covariates were selected, and the environments clustered according to these covariates in four groups (Figure 1). The first group included all trials from Morocco that were characterized by high thermal amplitude and low Vpd. The control environments in France (Avi12 and Avi17) clustered together in the 2nd group, defined by low maximal temperatures and high relative humidity. HIs14 clustered alone in the 4th group and formed the most extreme environment showing very high temperatures and dry climate with low relative humidity. The remaining environments clustered together in the 3rd and most disparate group.
Phenotypic distributions were plotted for each trait regarding the environments where it was evaluated (Supplemental Figure 2) showing a distribution in accordance with the clustering of the environments for some traits (firm, height, nflw and leaf). Other traits such as FW, nfr, SSC and fset showed a distribution pattern with relatively high within-group variability, notably for environments clustering in group 1 from Morocco.