Section I: Introduction
Defected Ground Structures (DGS) were introduced as an alternative method to improve the performance of microstrip circuits and components while minimizing the overall size of the design[1]. In this structure, defects are introduced in ground plane to improve the frequency response of the considered components. The geometry of this defect is selected such that it disturbs the surface current in the ground plane and helps in achieving the desired electromagnetic effects.
Many DGS based band-stop filters have been reported in literature that are modelled through equivalent parallel LC or RLC circuits[2,3]. There have been subsequent reports of advancements and improvements in the representation of equivalent LC or RLC circuits[4-6]. These equivalent circuit models look at the resonant frequency and model the dielectric losses in the form of a resistance and provide simpler ways to understand and verify performances through EM simulation results. However, this approach does not consider the effects of the discontinuity present between the microstrip line and the defected ground. The report on π- type equivalent circuit to model the DGS looks into this concern to some extent[7]. Here, the series element is a classic LC resonator which controls the resonant frequency of the circuit. The parallel RC modules in the model accounts for the fringing fields and its associated losses. The work does not explore the use of external capacitors in tuning the frequency. Furthermore, the design presented is disadvantageous at lower frequencies because frequency is controlled only by the shape of the defect. It requires an increase in inductance and this effectively leads to increased size of the DGS.
In this letter, two different DGS structures have been explored and analyzed. First is an arbitrary multi-band DGS based band stop filter using semi-H DGS and it’s equivalent circuit model. It improves on the existing π circuit model and proposes an approach to accommodate multiple bands. The second work focuses on the design of a passband and stopband frequency design using an H-shaped DGS. In both cases, the presence of external SMD capacitor provides control over the achievable resonant frequency, enables good narrowband response, and reduces the size of the overall structure. Furthermore, changing the shape of the DGS acts as a second controller of the resonant frequency for both structures. Section II and III focus on the design and prototype authentication of the multi-band BSF system. Section IV, V and VI improve on the band-stop filter circuit model and introduce a band-pass frequency response to the original system