Assembling a global dataset of avian survival rates
We conducted a search of the peer-reviewed literature for studies that measured survival rate in birds, relying primarily on Web of Science Core Collections and Google Scholar. We also included data for survival rates of North American birds downloaded from the Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survivorship (MAPS) program (DeSante et al.2015). For each study, we extracted information on species’ annual survival rates and their standard error. When the same study provided separate estimates for males and females, or where estimates were made for different time periods, ages of adult birds, or circumstances (e.g., successful breeders vs. unsuccessful, brood parasites present vs. absent) we took the geometric mean of those estimates. When estimates were available from different habitat types within the same study (e.g., logged vs. unlogged forest), we took the geometric mean of those estimates, provided that the study found no significant differences between groups. If group estimates were reported as significantly different, we chose the estimate from the control group for our analysis. A list of the 249 studies included in our analysis and a detailed account of our selection criteria is available in Supporting Information S1 and S2, respectively.