AgNP |
25.2 (citrate coated), 27 (GA coated), 21 (PVP coated) |
n/a |
0.2,2, 20 mg/L |
4 hrs |
Gum Arabic and citrate coated AgNPs were more
toxic to cultured N. Europaea
|
Arnaout et al,
2012 |
AgNP |
15 nm (TEM) |
n/a |
0.5 mg Ag/L |
3 months |
Freshly prepared
AgNPs are beneficial for microbial diversity and biomass concentration |
Sheng at al,2018 |
AgNP
|
32.3 (GA) TEM
15.5 (Citrate) TEM
|
n/a
|
0.2 mg/L, 2 mg/L
|
|
1) Coated AgNPs were less toxic than AgNO3; 2)2 mg/L dose caused
significant reduction in N-removal;
|
Alito & Gunsch, 2014
|
AgNP |
14 nm |
n/a (PVA coated) |
1 mg/L |
800 s test |
1) 1 mg/L of Ag
inhibited nitrifying bacteria growth, AgNP > Ag+; 2) No
evidence of membrane damage |
Choi et al, 2008 |
AgNP |
21 (TEM), 29 (DLS) |
n/a, (PVA coated) |
1 mg/L shock loading |
Short term batch test and bioreactor test (25 days) |
1mg/L AgNP
inhibited nitrification by 41.4%; decreased abundance of AOBs and NOBs |
Liang et al,2010 |
AgNP
|
6.0±2.0 (STEM)
10.6±0.3
|
-26.2±1.0 mV
|
0.1 mg/L, continuous loading
|
60 days
|
No impacts on activated sludge performance
|
Zhang et al,, 2014
|
AgNP
|
118.5±1.2 (DLS, in Milli-Q water)
|
|
1.0 mg/L, 5.0 mg/L
|
27 days (1 mg/L)
36 days (5mg/L)
|
No effects on nitrification, denitrification or COD removal. Sludge
settling abilities affected.
|
Qiu et al, 2016
|
AgNP |
14 (TEM) |
n/a |
0-10 mg/L |
1.5 hr |
AgNPs of 0.25 to 10 mg/L
inhibited ammonia oxidation by 4-50% |
Giao et al, 2012 |
AgNP
|
13.0±3.3 (as synthesized)
63.5±15.2 (glucose feed)
79.2±18.1 (ammonia feed)
|
-24.0±2.8 mV (as synthesized)
15.5±1.7 mV (glucose feed)
-11.5±1.4 mV(ammonia feed)
|
0.1-50 mg/L
|
24 hrs; 50 days
|
1).Concentration-depedent inhibition of N-removal and COD removal;
effects started at concentrations below 1 mg/L; 2. Nitrification was
more severely inhibited; 3) nitrifying bacteria more sensitive to AgNP
than heterotrophic bacteria
|
Jeong et al, 2014
|
AgNP
|
7±3; 40±14 (TEM)
|
n/a (Na2ATP coated, PVA-coated)
|
0-10 mg/L
|
3 hrs
(N. Europaea cell culture)
|
1).Size and coating-dependent ammonia oxidation inhibition; 2. Toxicity
due to release Ag ion and AgNP dispersity; 3. Cell membrane damage
|
Yuan et al, 2013
|
AgNP
|
7±3 (TEM)
|
n/a (PVP coated)
|
0.1, 1 and 5 mg/L
|
125 days (0.1 mg/L)
40 days (1 mg/L)
30 days (5 mg/L)
|
No impact on nitrification & denitrification; significantly inhibited
P-removal; toxicity attributed to dissolved silver
|
Yuan et al, 2015
|
AgNP
|
Synthesized NPs: < 10 nm (TEM)
38±10 (DLS)
Commercial NPs:
< 100
|
Synthesized:-25±0.88 mV
Commercial: n/a
|
0-15 mg/L
|
21 hr (respirometry)
|
Commercial AgNPs showed no effects on sludge respiration; synthesized
AgNPs has an IC50 value of 3.2-22.1 mg/L
|
Geyil and Cecen, 2016
|
AgNP |
n/a |
n/a |
0-30 mg/L |
290 days |
1. > 5 mg/L Ag
NPs inhibited COD and P removal, not N removal; 2) Decreased enzymatic
activities (AMO, NOR, NIR, NR, PPX and PPK); 3) dose-dependent ROS
production and LDH release |
Xu et al, 2017 |
AgNP
|
10 ±5 (DLS)
20 (TEM)
|
-36.1 mV
|
0.1, 1, 10
|
50 days
|
1.0 and 10 mg/L AgNP decreased COD, N and SOP removal; 2. AgNP inhibited
EPS production; reduced the SOUR and increased LDH release, reduced
nitrifyer abundance
|
Zhang et al, 2016
|
AgNP |
44.61 (TEM) |
n/a |
30 mg/L |
14 hrs |
1).30 mg/L reduced nitrite
production by 90%; 2. IC50 value of 10.5 mg/L for AOB activity
inhibition |
Michel et al, 2017 |
AgNP |
20 (DLS) |
n/a |
1-100 mg/L |
12 hr, 22 days |
1).short-term
exposure led to 21-24.9% reduction in ammonia oxidation in flocculent
sludge; 2)long-term exposure significantly inhibited ammonia oxidation,
denitrification and oxygen uptake rate; 3) no effect on granular sludge |
Gu et al, 2014 |
CuNP
|
336 (wastewater)
< 100 (TEM)
|
-24.6 mV
|
1 mg/L
|
180 days
|
1 mg/L led to: 1)inhibited N & P removal; 2) decreased AMO and NOR
activity; 3)no effects on denitrification or its enzymes; 4)microbial
shift and decreased ecological network interactions
|
Wang et al, 2017
|
CuNP |
220±25 (DLS) |
n/a |
0-10 mg/L |
92 days |
5 mg/L or high led to
1) enhanced N removal; 2) enhanced denitrification enzyme activity, 3)
increased number of denitrifiers; 4) decreased glycogen metabolism |
Chen et al, 2012 |
NZVI |
n/a |
Zero charge |
20, 50 and 200 mg/L |
10 hrs |
200 mg/L
inhibited ammonia removal and increased LDH release; no significant
effects at 50 mg/L and below |
Wu et al, 2013 |
NZVI & AgNP mixture
|
35 (nominal)
60 (DLS)
|
n/a
|
5, 50 and 100 mg/L
|
60 days
|
Nitrification inhibition at 100 mg/L, slight decrease in AMO and NOR
activity
|
Yazdanbakhsha et al, 2019
|